Weight on your komatik is a vital question, and not knowing for what
you may be called upon, makes the outfitting an art. I give the
experience of years. The sledge should be eleven feet long. Its
runners should be constructed of black spruce grown in the Far North
where wood grows slowly and is very tough, and yet quite light. The
runners should be an inch thick, eleven inches high, and about
twenty-six inches apart, the bottoms rising at the back half an inch,
as well as at the front toward the horns. The laths are fastened on
with alternate diagonal lashings, are two inches wide, and close
together. Such a komatik will "work" like a snake, adapting itself to
the inequalities of the ground, and will not spread or "buckle." Long
nails are driven up right through the runners, and clinched on the top
to prevent splitting. The runners should be shod with spring steel,
one inch wide; and a second runner, two and a half inches wide, may be
put between the lower one and the wood, to hold up the sledge when the
snow is soft. Thus one has on both a skate and a snowshoe at once. The
dogs' traces should be of skin and fastened with toggles or buttons to
the bowline. Dog food must be distributed along the komatik trail in
summer--though the people will make great sacrifices to feed "the
Doctor's team."
Clothing must be light; to perspire in cold weather is unpardonable,
for it will freeze inside your clothes at night. Fortunately warmth
depends only on keeping heat in; and we find an impervious, light,
dressed canvas best. The kossak should be made with, so to speak, no
neck through which the heat which one produces can leak out. The
headpiece must be attached to the tunic, which also clips tight round
the wrists and round the waist to retain the heat. The edges may be
bound with fur, especially about the hood, so as to be soft and tight
about the face, and to keep the air out. The Eskimo cuts his own hair
so as to fill that function. Light sealskin boots are best for all
weathers, but in very cold, dry seasons, deerskin dressed very soft
is warmer. The skin boot should be sewn with sinew which swells in
water and thus keeps the stitches water-tight. These skin boots are
made by the Eskimo women who chew the edges of the skin to make them
soft before sewing them with deer sinew. The little Eskimo girls on
the North Labrador coast are proficient in the art of chewing, as they
are brought up from childhood to help their mothers in this way, the
women having invariably lost their teeth at a very early age.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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