[89:1] The theory which, denying to the Beautiful any capacity of giving pleasure through its innate qualities, ascribes its effects exclusively to the associated ideas which the contemplation of it calls up, proceeds wholly on the assumption, that the sentiment awakened by Beauty when it is beheld bodily present, is the same with that which flows from a poetical description of it. If it be true (as I must believe it is) that the feelings in the two cases are essentially different, the hypothesis falls to the ground. Its maintainers seem in truth to have drawn their conclusions altogether from reflection on the effects produced by Beauty when it is represented in poetry, where association is undoubtedly the source of the enjoyment; and an attention to the working of the fine arts would have taught other inferences. [90:1] page 92 [90:2] page 93 [91:1] page 94. [91:2] [Sidenote: Invention is making a _new_ thing out of a thing already made.] Alfieri appears to have himself perceived accurately wherein it is that his power lies, when he says, with his usual self-reliance: "Se la parola 'invenzione' in tragedia si restringe al trattare soltanto soggetti non prima trattati, nessuno autore ha inventato meno di me." "Se poi la parola 'invenzione' si estende fino al _far cosa nuova di cosa già fatta_, io son costretto a credere che nessuno autore abba inventato piu di me." [92:1] page 95 [93:1] page 96 [94:1] page 97 [95:1] page 98 [96:1] page 99 [97:1] page 100 [98:1] page 101 [99:1] page 102 [100:1] page 103 [101:1] ? in Jaques. [101:2] page 104 [102:1] ? _All's Well_, Bertram; _Othello_, Cassio; _Meas. for Meas._ Claudio; _Ant. & Cleop._ Antony; _Timon_, Alcibiades.--F. [102:2] page 105 [103:1] page 106 [104:1] page 107 [105:1] page 108 [106:1] page 109 [107:1] page 110 [108:1] page 111 A FEW INSTANCES OF SHAKSPERE'S PECULIARITIES AS NOTED BY SPALDING. =Repetition=, p. 12. 1. Prologue to _Henry V._: 'And at his heels, Leashed in like hounds, should famine, sword, and fire, Crouch for employment.' Compare _Antony and Cleopatra_, Act I. scene iv.: 'Where thou slew'st, Hirtus and Pausa, consuls, at thy heel Did famine follow.' 2. _Macbeth_, Act V. scene vii.: 'They have tied me to a stake: I cannot fly, But, bear-like, I must fight the course'; and _Lear_, Act III. scene vii.: 'I am tied to the stake, and I must stand the course.' =Conciseness verging on obscurity=, p. 13. _Macbeth_, Act I. scene iii.: 'Present fears are less than horrible imaginings: My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man, that function Is smothered in surmise, and nothing is But what is not.' Act I. scene vii.: 'If it were done when 'tis done,' etc. Act V. scene vii.: