=Manissa=, Asiatic Turkey. 39N. 27E. Ancient Magnesia, near which were supposed to be kingdom of Tantalulus, and scene of Niobe's sorrow. Antiochus the Great defeated by Romans, 190 B.C.; city occupied by Osman Turks, 1398. =Maraglak=, Persia. 37N. 46E. Contains tomb of Hulaka Khan, and remains of observatory built by him for the great astronomer, Nasr-ud-din of Tus. =Masulipatam=, Madras. 16N. 81E. British settled here, 1611; successfully stormed by Colonel Forde, 1759. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.') =Matsuye=, Japan. 36N. 133E. Former capital of Idzumo, and contains numerous temples. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.') =Mecca=, Arabia. 21N. 40E. Bp. of Mohammed, c. 570. Contains the Kaaba, said to be built by Abraham and Ishmael with help from Angel Gabriel. Taken by Wahabis, 1803, 1807; by Mehemet Ali, 1813. (See Sir R. Burton's 'Wanderings in Three Continents' and 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.') =Medina= ('the city'), Arabia. 25N. 40E. Sacred city of Islam, whence Mohammed fled from Mecca, 622; contains tomb supposed to hold remains of the prophet, his daughter Fatima, Abu Bekr, and Omar. Forbidden city to all not Mohammedans, but visited by Burckhardt, 1811; Burton, 1852. (See Sir R. Burton's 'Wanderings in Three Continents' and 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.') =Meerut=, United Provs. 29N. 78E. Plundered by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1017; by Tamerlane, 1399; taken by British, 1803; first outbreak of Indian Mutiny, 1857. =Megiddo=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient city of Syria. Mentioned in Bible as being fortified by Solomon; refuge of Ahaziah fleeing from Jehu, 843 B.C.; Necho overcame Josiah, c. 609 B.C. =Menderes=, Asia Minor. 38N. 28E. Said to be ancient Scamander, flowing past Troy, and sung of by Homer. =Merta=, Rajputana. 27N. 74E. F. by Duda, c. 1488. Captured by Akbar, 1562. =Merv=, Turkestan. 38N. 62E. Colonised by Alexander the Great, occupied by Arabs, 666; taken by Mongols, 1221; by Bokharians from Persians, 1787; occupied by Tekke-Turkomans, 1856; under Russian authority, 1884. =Meshed=, Persia. 36N. 59E. Contains magnificent mausoleum of Imam Riza and Caliph Haroun-al-Raschid. =Meshed Ali=, Asiatic Turkey. 32N. 44E. Contains tomb of Ali. =Miana=, Persia. 37N. 47E. The French traveller, Thévenot, died here, 1667. =Miani=, Sind. 26N. 68E. Sir Charles Napier twice defeated Mohammedan emirs, 1843. =Michmash=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Mentioned by Josephus and Eusebius, and in the Old Testament as the camping-place of the Philistines in the early part of reign of Saul. =Midagesidurga=, Madras. 14N. 77E. Seized by Hyder Ali, 1761; by Mahrattas, 1767; by Tippoo Sahib, 1774.