A Manual of Ancient HistoryThalheimer, M. E. (Mary Elsie)
History
A Manual of Ancient History
Thalheimer, M. E. (Mary Elsie)
History, Ancient
=19.= He made radical changes in the constitution, by giving to every
free Roman the right of suffrage, though all offices in the government
were still held by the nobles. The Greek cities of southern Italy
were, at the same time, changing from aristocratic to popular forms of
government, and there are many signs of Greek influence in Latium and
Rome. The new popular assembly, _Comitia Centuria´ta_, was so called from
the “centuries” in which the entire citizen-soldiery was enrolled. Wealth
now acquired in Rome something of the power which had hitherto been
reserved for rank. Every man who held property was bound to serve in the
armies, and his military position was accurately graded by the amount of
his possessions. Highest of all were the _Eq´uites_, or horsemen. These
were divided into eighteen centuries, of which the first six—two for each
original tribe—were wholly patrician, while the remaining twelve were
wealthy and powerful plebeians.
The mass of the people enrolled for service on foot was divided into five
classes. Those who were able to equip themselves in complete brazen armor
fought in the front rank of the phalanx. Of this class there were eighty
centuries: forty of younger men, from seventeen to forty-five years of
age, who were the choicest of Roman infantry in the field; and forty of
their elders, from forty-six to sixty, who were usually retained for the
defense of the city. The second class were placed behind the first; they
wore no coat of mail, and their shields were of wood instead of brass.
The third class wore no greaves, and the fourth carried no shields.
These three classes consisted of only twenty centuries each. The fifth
and lowest military class did not serve in the phalanx, but formed the
light-armed infantry, and provided themselves only with darts and slings.
Below all the classes were a few centuries of the poorest people, who
were not required to equip themselves for war. They were sometimes armed,
at the public expense, on occasions of great loss or danger to the state;
or they followed the army as supernumeraries, and were ready to take the
weapons and places of those who fell.
=20.= Beside the patrician tribes of Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres, Servius
made four tribes in the city and twenty-six in the country, consisting
of land-owners without respect to rank. The meeting-place for the whole
thirty was the Forum at Rome, while the centuries met without the city on
the Field of Mars. The people assembled in the Forum had all the powers
of self-government. They elected magistrates and levied taxes for the
support of the state, duties which hitherto had belonged to the Comitia
Curiata. Of the public lands on the Etruscan side of the Tiber, gained in
his early wars, Servius assigned a certain portion to the plebeians, in
full ownership. The patricians had leased these lands from the state for
the pasturage of their flocks, and they were much exasperated by the new
allotment.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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