A Manual of Ancient History: Particularly with Regard to the Constitutions, the Commerce, and the Colonies, of the States of AntiquityHeeren, A. H. L. (Arnold Hermann Ludwig)
History
A Manual of Ancient History: Particularly with Regard to the Constitutions, the Commerce, and the Colonies, of the States of Antiquity
Heeren, A. H. L. (Arnold Hermann Ludwig)
Geography, Ancient; History, Ancient
The fall of Cyrene was brought about by domestic broils: at the
time the place was besieged by Thimbron, a portion of the exiled
nobles fled to Ptolemy; the Egyptian prince commanded that they
should be reinstated by his general Ophellas, who took possession
of the town itself, 321. An insurrection in 312 was quelled by
Agis, Ptolemy's general: nevertheless it would appear that
Ophellas had almost established his independence, when, by the
treachery of Agathocles, with whom he had entered into a league
against Carthage, he perished, about 308. Cyrene was now seized by
Ptolemy, and given to his son Magas, who ruled over it fifty
years.
4. With respect to the internal government of Egypt, our information is
far from complete. The division into districts or nomes was continued;
subject perhaps, in some cases, to alterations. The power of the king
appears to have been unlimited; the extreme provinces were administered
by governors, appointed by the sovereign; similar officers were probably
placed at the head of the various districts of Egypt itself; but hardly
any document relative to the home department of that country has reached
our time. High public situations, at least in the capital, appear
exclusively reserved to Macedonians or Greeks; no Egyptian is ever
mentioned as holding office.
There were four magistrates at Alexandria: the Exegetes, whose
office was to provide for the wants of the city; the Chief Judge;
the Hypomnematographus--(Registrar of the archives?)--and the
[Greek: Strategos nykterinos], no doubt, the supervisor of the
police, whose duty it was to watch over the peace of the city at
night. We have the express testimony of Strabo, that these
offices, which continued under the Romans, had already existed
under the kings; whether their establishment can be dated as far
back as the time of Ptolemy I. is a question that does not admit
of a solution.--The number of the districts or nomes appears to
have been augmented; probably with a political view, in order that
no governor or monarch should be invested with too great a share
of power.
5. Be that as it may, it is an undoubted fact, that the ancient national
constitution and administration were not entirely obliterated. The caste
of priests, together with the national religion, continued to exist; and
though the influence of the former was considerably diminished, it did
not entirely cease. A certain sort of worship was, by appointed priests,
paid to the kings, both in their lifetime and after their death.
Memphis, though not the usual residence of the court, remained the
capital of the kingdom; there the ceremony of coronation was performed;
and its temple of Phtha was still the head sanctuary. What influence had
not the religion of the Egyptians upon that of the Greeks! It were
difficult to say which nation borrowed most from the other.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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