and carried on in Armenia and Syria; Cassius, the legate of Verus, at last got possession of Seleucia, and demolished that city, 165.--Arsaces XXVIII. (Ardawan or Vologeses IV.) _d._ 207. This king having taken the part of Pescenninus Niger, in the war between him and Septimius Severus, was, after the defeat of his friend, 194, routed in a war with Septimius Severus, 197, and the chief towns of Parthia were sacked by the invaders. He is, without authority, represented as succeeded by a Pacorus, who took the name of Arsaces XXIX.: his real successor, however, appears to have been Arsaces XXIX. (Vologeses V.) _d._ 216. Domestic wars among his sons, fomented by Caracalla. Arsaces XXX. (Artabanus IV.) At the beginning of his reign, this prince likewise was contemporary with Caracalla, who, in order to pick a quarrel, demanded his daughter in marriage; according to some, Arsaces refused her, in consequence of which the Roman emperor undertook a campaign into Armenia; according to others, Arsaces having assented, and escorted his daughter to Caracalla, was, by an abominable stroke of treachery, cut off, together with all his train, A. D. 216. Caracalla having been murdered, 217, his successor, Macrinus, signed a peace with the Parthians. But Arsaces subsequently raised his brother Tiridates to the throne of Armenia; this act spurred the Persian Artaxerxes, son of Sassan, to rebellion; the Parthian king, defeated in three battles, fell in the last, thus putting a period to the family and dominion of the Arsacidae, 226, and Artaxerxes became the founder of the New Persian kingdom, or that of the Sassanidae. The revolution was accompanied not only with a change of dynasty, but with a total subversion of the constitution. VAILLANT, _Imperium Arsacidarum et Achaemenidarum_, Paris, 1725, 2 vols. 4to. The first part comprises the Arsacidae; the second the kings of Bithynia, Pontus, and Bosporus. It is an attempt, not altogether faultless, to arrange the series of kings, by the assistance of coins. # C. F. RICHTER, _Historico-critical essay upon the dynasties of the Arsacidae and Sassanidae, according to the Persian, Grecian, and Roman authorities_. A prize essay. Leipzic, 1804. A comparative research into the eastern and western sources. The chronology in the above sketch has been corrected by this work, in conjunction with TH. CHR. TYCHSEN, _Commentationes de Nummis Persarum et Arsacidarum_; inserted in _Commentat. Nov. Soc. Sc. Gotting._ vol. i. iii.