Test-glass, conic, one side painted half white, half black. Test-tubes, rack, and cleaning brush. Ureometer, Doremus-Hinds' pattern (Fig. 20). Urinometer, preferably Squibb's (Fig. 14). * * * * * {288} Blood-fixing oven, or Kowarsky's plate (Fig. 77). Copper-foil and gauze. Holt's cream gage and hydrometer (Fig. 127). Horismascope (Fig. 22). Pipets, graduated, 5 c.c. to 50 c.c. capacity. Ruhemann's tube for uric-acid estimation (Fig. 21). Saccharimeter (Fig. 25). Strauss' separatory funnel for lactic-acid test (Fig. 87). Suction filter. Urinopyknometer of Saxe (Fig. 15). Widal reaction outfit: either living agar cultures of the typhoid bacillus, or the dead cultures with diluting apparatus, which are sold under various trade names. Water-bath. B. REAGENTS AND STAINS All stains and many reagents are best kept in small dropping bottles. Formulæ are given in the text. Acid, glacial acetic. Other strengths can be made from this as desired. Acid, hydrochloric, concentrated (contains about 32 per cent. by weight of absolute hydrochloric acid). Other strengths can be made as desired. Acid, nitric, strong, colorless. Acid, nitric, yellow. Can be made from colorless acid by adding a splinter of pine, or allowing to stand in sunlight. Acid, sulphuric, concentrated. Alcohol, ethyl (grain-alcohol). This is ordinarily about 93 to 95 per cent., and other strengths can be made as desired. Aqua ammoniæ fortior (sp. gr. 0.9). Bromin or Rice's solutions (p. 67), for urea estimation. {289} Chloroform. Diluting fluid for erythrocyte count (p. 154). Diluting fluid for leukocyte count (p. 165). Dimethyl-amido-azobenzol, 0.5 per cent. alcoholic solution. Distilled water. Esbach's reagent (p. 74). Ether, sulphuric. Ferric chlorid: saturated aqueous solution and 10 per cent. aqueous solution. Haines' (or Fehling's) solution (p. 78). Lugol's solution (_Liquor Iodi Compositus_, U.S.P.). Gram's iodin solution (p. 38) can be made from this by adding fourteen times its volume of water. Obermayer's reagent (p. 64). Phenylhydrazin, pure. Phenol. Phenolphthalein, 1 per cent. alcoholic solution. Purdy's (or Fehling's) solution (p. 80). Robert's reagent (p. 73). Sodium chlorid (table-salt), saturated aqueous solution. Sodium hydroxid (caustic soda), 40 per cent. solution; other strengths can be made from this as desired. Sodium hydroxid, decinormal solution. This is best purchased ready prepared. Sodium nitrite, 0.5 per cent. solution for diazo reaction. Must be freshly prepared. Sulphanilic acid solution for diazo reaction (p. 91). Stains: Carbol-fuchsin (p. 33). Eosin, saturated aqueous solution. Gabbet's stain (p. 34). {290} Löffler's alkaline methylene-blue solution (p. 38). Stain for fat: Sudan III, saturated solution in 70 per cent. alcohol; or 1 per cent. aqueous solution osmic acid. Wright's stain for blood.