b1. Bill decurved; culmen less than 50 mm. ... Mesoscolopax (p. 119) b2. Bill straight or slightly upturned. c1. Much larger; culmen more than 70 mm.; bill recurved and slightly exceeding tail. ... Limosa (p. 119) c2. Much smaller; culmen less than 65 mm. d1. Culmen equal to, and usually greater than, middle toe with claw. e1. Tarsus longer than middle toe with claw. f1. Tarsus about one and one-half times the length of middle toe with claw. g1. Culmen not recurved. ... Totanus (p. 122) g2. Culmen slightly recurved. ... Glottis (p. 129) f2. Tarsus but little greater than middle toe with claw. g1. Culmen slightly recurved. ... Terekia (p. 127) g2. Culmen not recurved. h1. Axillars not uniform white. i1. Axillars gray. ... Heteractitis (p. 124) i2. Axillars brown barred with white. ... Helodromas (p. 123) h2. Axillars pure white. ... Actitis (p. 126) d2. Culmen shorter than middle toe with claw, about equal to toe without claw. ... Rhyacophilus (p. 130) Genus NUMENIUS Brisson, 1760. Back of tarsus covered with small hexagonal scales. Large wading birds with long legs; bill very long and decurved, tip of upper mandible blunt and projecting beyond the lower mandible. Species. a1. Culmen, 115 mm. or more; crown uniform in color with the back. b1. Lower back and rump white or with streaks and spots of black; axillars pure white or with traces of dusky lines. ... arquatus (p. 115) b2. Lower back and rump brown; axillars white, broadly barred with blackish. ... cyanopus (p. 116) a2. Culmen, 90 mm. or less; crown blackish with a pale or whitish central vertical band. ... variegatus (p. 117) 99. NUMENIUS ARQUATUS (Linnæus). COMMON CURLEW. Scolopax arquata Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 145. Numenius arquatus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 341; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 36. Numenius arquata Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 157; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 252, fig. 58 (head); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 24. Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Whitehead, Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Whitehead). India and Africa; Europe east to Lake Baikal, in winter to southern China and Malay Peninsula.