Scolopax cinerea Güldenstädt, Novi Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. (1775), 19, 473, pl. 19. Terekia cinerea Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 474; Hand-List (1899), 1, 161; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 47; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 26. Bohol (Everett); Cebu (McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Whitehead). Northern Siberia, northeastern Europe; in winter Africa and Indian Peninsula to Australia. "Adult male in breeding plumage.--Differs from the winter plumage in having black centers to feathers of upper surface; head streaked with blackish brown; a rufescent tint pervades the upper surface; lesser wing-coverts and scapulars almost entirely black, the latter forming a double band down the back; wing-coverts, secondaries, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, mottled with dusky markings; below white; lower throat and fore neck streaked with blackish. 'Bill black, base of lower mandible yellowish green; feet olive-gray; iris dark brown.' (Taczanowski.) Length, 215; culmen, 51; wing, 136; tail, 56; tarsus, 29. "The yellow base to the lower mandible appears to me to be a sign of immaturity and winter plumage, as it seems to disappear entirely in breeding birds. "Adult female in breeding plumage.--Similar to the male, with less of the bronzy tint above; black streaks on upper surface and dusky streaks on throat less pronounced. Length, 241; culmen, 48; wing, 136; tail, 56; tarsus, 25. "Young male of the year.--Similar to the adults, but with a much shorter bill, its base conspicuously yellow; mantle streaked with blackish; scapulars marked with black almost as much as in the adult bird; upper tail-coverts and tail barred with dusky and pale rufous; greater coverts black, forming a band across wing; head, neck, and under parts as in the adult winter plumage, the throat not being streaked with dusky. 'Bill blackish olive, yellowish olive at base of both mandibles; feet, including web, bright orange-yellow; iris blackish brown.' (Stejneger.)