"Adult in winter plumage.--General color above ashy brown, slightly darker along the shafts; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish brown; sides of lower back and lateral upper tail-coverts pure white; tail-feathers light smoky brown, the long central ones dark brown, with a very narrow whitish fringe; wing-coverts rather darker brown than the back, with ashy fringes to the median series; greater coverts tipped with white, forming a wing-band; alula and primary-coverts blackish brown, edged with white at tips; quills dark brown, with white shafts, a few of the inner primaries also edged with white near the base; secondaries dark brown, fringed with white at the tips, bases of inner webs white, forming a continuous band with the one on greater coverts; long inner secondaries light brown like scapulars, the shafts blackish brown; crown brown like the back, the feathers with darker brown centers; forehead and supra-loral region pure white; lores dusky brown; ear-coverts and feathers below eye light brown, with narrow streaks of dark brown; above ear-coverts a streak of white lined with brown, forming an indistinct eyebrow; cheeks, throat, and under surface pure white slightly ashy on throat and fore neck; sides of neck and upper breast brown, with slightly darker centers or shaft-streaks; under wing-coverts and axillars white; coverts round edge of wing dark brown, with white margins; lower primary-coverts dull ashy brown, forming an inconspicuous wing-patch. 'Bill, feet, and claw black; iris hazel.' (Seebohm.) Length, 132; culmen, 18; wing, 96; tail, 41; tarsus, 20; middle toe with claw, 18. "Adult male in summer plumage.--Much more rufous than in winter; feathers of upper surface sandy rufous; black centers and white margins to many of the scapulars and feathers of the back; feathers of head rufous, with black centers; neck rufous, streaked with dusky blackish, these streaks being smaller and less distinct on sides of face, which are also rufous; a slight indication of a whitish eyebrow; under surface white, throat tinged with rufous, chest pervaded with ashy, and throat, fore neck, and sides of breast mottled with dusky spots in the centers of the feathers. Length, 152; culmen, 19; wing, 96; tail, 36; tarsus, 20. "Adult female in summer plumage.--Similar to the male, but somewhat less distinctly spotted on the breast. Length, 152; culmen, 18; wing, 98; tail, 37; tarsus, 20. "Young.--Blackish above, with rufous edgings to the feathers, and thus somewhat resembling the summer plumage of the adults, but they may always be distinguished by the more numerous white edgings to the dorsal and scapular feathers, by the ashy color of the hind neck, by the absence of spots on the fore neck and chest, both of which are tinged with isabelline-buff.