"Adult male.--Upper part of head and a broad stripe from lores through eyes to some distance behind them dark brown; superciliary stripe, sides of head, and throat whitish; from gape toward eyes a slightly indicated dusky band, formed by dusky streaks; upper parts brown, back and scapulars paler, with edges of feathers pale grayish; rump and upper tail-feathers uniform dark brown; lower part of fore neck and upper breast dull whitish buff, with centers of the feathers dusky; lower breast and abdomen almost uniform brown, deepening into black-brown on under tail-coverts; wings brown; speculum glossy blue, more or less with a green luster, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by two velvety black bands; tips of the secondaries narrowly edged with white; tertials brown, with only the apical part of outer web white; tail brown, the edges of the feathers whitish. 'Bill black, with the apical portion, except the tip of the nail, yellow, no red spots at base; feet light bright red, the web slightly dusky; iris yellowish brown.' (Holst.) Length, about 580; wing, 295; tail, 117; culmen, 56; tarsus, 44. "Female.--Smaller and paler, the feathers of the breast for a greater extension than in the male having broader whitish edges. "Young.--Paler even than the female, with smaller dusky spots on the under parts; edges of upper wing-coverts pale; a broad subapical white band across the greater wing-coverts, and the outer web of tertials for the most part white." (Salvadori.) On December 7, 1903, a dozen birds of this species were observed in Calayan. A female, the only specimen killed, measured 560 in length; wing, 267; tail, 99; exposed culmen, 53; bill from nostril, 42; tarsus, 44; middle toe with claw, 37. Bill jet-black with a broad tip of bright yellow; most of the nail black; iris tan-brown; legs and feet light salmon; nails black; webs dusky. Genus MARECA Stephens, 1824. Bill small, shorter than head, depressed and slightly narrowing toward tip, nail large; wings long and pointed. 159. MARECA PENELOPE (Linnæus). EUROPEAN WIGEON. Anas penelope Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 126. Mareca penelope Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 227; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 218; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 168; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 37. Basilan (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Worcester); Mindanao (Celestino). Palaearctic Region from Iceland to Kamtschatka, in winter to Madeira, Abyssinia, Persia, northern India, Burma, China, Japan, Borneo; occurs as a straggler in the Marshall Islands and North America.