"Young in first plumage resemble the females, but are darker and more suffused with rufous on the breast. "'Adult males in molting plumage closely resemble adult females, but are darker in color, and may be distinguished by the brighter alar speculum.' (Seebohm.) "'Downy nestling resembles that of the mallard, but it is smaller, and has a broad unbroken buff streak above the eye, and a well-defined dark streak through the eye.' (Yarrell.)" (Salvadori.) In immature plumage this species is likely to be confounded with Nettion crecca and must be determined with care. The adult males of the two species are very different. Genus SPATULA Boie, 1822. This genus is characterized by the peculiar bill which is twice as wide near the tip as at the base; sides of upper mandible turned under near tip. 163. SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linnæus). SHOVELER. Anas clypeata Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 124. Spatula clypeata Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 306; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1898), 4, 452, fig. 118 (head); Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 221; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 177; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 38. Calayan (McGregor); Mindoro (McGregor); Luzon (McGregor, Worcester). North America, Europe, and western Asia; wintering in Africa, Arabia, Persia, Indian Peninsula, southern China, Hawaii, West Indies, and Central America to Colombia. "Adult male.--Head and upper part of neck dark glossy green; lower neck, breast, and anterior scapulars white; middle of back dark brown, the feathers with pale edges; ramp and upper tail-coverts black glossed with green; lower breast and abdomen rich chestnut; flanks, vent, and thighs paler, freckled with brown; under tail-coverts black, glossed with green; a white patch on the lower flanks at the base of the tail; upper wing-coverts and the outer web of two of the longer scapulars pale blue; remainder of the scapulars black, all with a broad silky white stripe along the middle; last row of wing-coverts tipped with white, forming a band, which borders anteriorly the glossy green wing-speculum; tip of the secondaries and the primaries brown; under wing-coverts and axillars white; tail mostly white, freckled with brown-gray, central feathers brown, edged with white. Iris yellow; bill lead-color; feet reddish orange. Length, about 508; wing, 260; tail, 95; culmen, 70; tarsus, 35.