The adult male of the pied marsh hawk is a very beautiful and graceful bird; the female and young are dull brown and unattractive. This species is fairly abundant in the lowlands where it frequents open country. 175. CIRCUS ÆRUGINOSUS (Linnæus). EUROPEAN MARSH HAWK. Falco æruginosus Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 91. Circus æruginosus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 69; Hand-List (1899), 1, 246; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1895), 3, 387; Grant, Ibis (1895), 438; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 239; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 41. Cagayan Sulu (Mearns); Luzon (Whitehead); Mindoro (Everett). Temperate Europe and Siberia; in winter to northern Africa, Indian Peninsula, and China. "Adult male.--Head, neck, and breast buff or pale rufous, with dark brown shaft-stripes, broader on the breast; back and most of the wing-coverts dark brown; scapulars still darker, sometimes gray toward the base; smallest coverts along the forearm whitish, with dark brown shafts; outer greater coverts, primary-coverts, and all quills except first six primaries dark silvery gray, remaining coverts and very often the tertiaries dark brown; first six primaries black with the basal portion white; upper tail-coverts white with rufous and brown mixed in various ways; tail gray above, isabelline below; abdomen and lower tail-coverts ferruginous brown, more or less striped darker. "Females are dark brown except the crown, nape, chin, and more or less of the throat, which are buff with brown stripes. There is sometimes a patch of buff on the breast, the wing-coverts and back have buff edges, and the upper tail-coverts are rufous. "The young of both sexes resemble the female, except that the buff on the head is sometimes unstreaked and more limited in extent, being confined in some cases to a nuchal patch or even wanting altogether. "'Bill black; cere and base of bill greenish yellow; iris yellow, brownish yellow in females and young; legs and feet rich yellow.' (Hume.) "Length of males, 533; tail, 241; wing, 406; tarsus, 86; length of females, 572; tail, 248; wing, 419; tarsus, 89." (Blanford.) The measurements given by Sharpe are as follows: "Male, length, 571; culmen, 39; wing, 406; tail, 254; tarsus, 86. Female, length, 584; wing, 432; tail, 279; tarsus, 96."