b1. Light color from breast extending forward below ear-coverts and partly separating a blackish band on side of throat from black of side of head. ... peregrinus (p. 240) b2. Light color of breast not invading the auricular region, the entire side of head, sides of throat, and ear-coverts being black. c1. Bars on under parts black and close-set; flanks, thighs, abdomen, and under tail-coverts washed with smoky blue-gray. ... ernesti (p. 242) c2. Less closely barred below; under parts not washed with smoky blue-gray. ... melanogenys (p. 241) a2. Much smaller; wing less than 250 mm. ... severus (p. 243) 198. FALCO PEREGRINUS Tunstall. PEREGRINE FALCON. Falco peregrinus Tunstall, Ornithologia Britannica (1771), 1; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 273; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1895), 3, 415; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 296; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 44. Falco communis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 376. Batan (Edmonds); Calayan (McGregor); Camiguin N. (McGregor); Catanduanes (Whitehead); Fuga (Whitehead); Luzon (Steere Exp., McGregor); Mindanao (Steere Exp.); Mindoro (Everett); Negros (Steere Exp.); Palawan (Whitehead, Platen, White). Northern America, Europe, Asia; in winter, Africa and Indian Peninsula. "Adult.--Above bluish gray, darker on the head and nape, pale on rump and upper tail-coverts; feathers of the head and nape, the scapulars and sometimes other parts of the upper plumage dark shafted, and all feathers except those of the head and hind neck with dark cross-bands; forehead whitish; a broad cheek-stripe from beneath eye black; primaries blackish, the inner webs, except near the end, closely barred with white; secondaries ashy gray with darker cross-bands; tail dark gray or blackish, with numerous ashy gray cross-bars, closer together and paler toward the base, extreme tip and borders near tip whitish; lower parts white with a rufous tinge, a few brown or black spots on lower breast and middle of abdomen, and narrow dark bars on flanks, lower wing-coverts, thighs, and under tail-coverts. "Young birds are very dark brown above, the feathers edged with rufous, the buff bases of the feathers showing about nape; tail-feathers with about six transversely oval rufous spots on each web, forming imperfect cross-bars; primaries as in adults; cheek-stripe narrower; lower parts white, buff, or rufescent, spotted except on the throat, with broad brown elongate median stripes, becoming broad spots on the flanks.