Young.--The fully feathered young resembles the adult in color pattern but top of head and blackish loral band are brown and the ashy gray of ear-coverts, lower throat, and sides is replaced by yellowish buff. The downy young is coal-black. A downy young bird was collected in Calayan, October 8, 1903, and a half-grown bird was collected in Ticao, April 22, 1902. "Very common about lakes and fresh-water pools. Breeds abundantly in the tall grass and rushes. Called by the natives 'y-a-gut-yút.'" (Bourns and Worcester MS.) Genus LIMNOBÆNUS Sundevall, 1873. In colors this genus resembles Rallina but has the middle toe with claw longer than the tarsus. Species. a1. Flanks olive-brown with narrow whitish bars, the bars sometimes wanting. ... fuscus (p. 74) a2. Flanks white, barred with dusky blackish. ... paykulli (p. 74) 65. LIMNOBÆNUS FUSCUS (Linnæus). RUDDY CRAKE. Rallus fuscus Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12 (1766), 1, 262. Limnobænus fuscus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1894), 23, 146; Hand-List (1899), 1, 105; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1901), 1, 120; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 17. Cagayancillo (McGregor); Leyte (Everett); Luzon (Cuming, Heriot, Steere Exp., Whitehead); Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp.); Mindoro (McGregor); Negros (Keay). Ceylon, Indian and Malay Peninsulas, Burmese countries to China and Japan, Christmas Island, Java, Borneo. Adult male.--Above including wing-coverts dark olive; forehead, sides of head, chin, throat, and breast vinous-chestnut, chin more or less whitish; abdomen and flanks olive-brown with narrow white bars; vent and under tail-coverts blackish with wider white bars; wings and tail brown; axillars and under wing-coverts fringed with white. Iris brick-red, a narrow inner circle brown; bill dark brown, lighter at tips; legs red; nails brown. A male from Manila market, September 2, 1904, measures: Length, 190; wing, 93; tail, 42; exposed culmen, 20; tarsus, 30; middle toe with claw, 35. Adult female.--Similar to the male. A female from Cagayancillo, February 23, 1903, measures: Length, 210; wing, 96; tail, 47; exposed culmen, 18.5; tarsus, 32; middle toe with claw, 37. A breeding female from Manila market, August 20, 1902, measures: Length, 210; wing, 98; tail, 47; exposed culmen, 20; tarsus, 32; middle toe with claw, 37. Young.--Manila market, August 14, 1902. Above olive and blackish brown, chin and throat white; remainder of under parts sooty brown mixed with white. Iris light green; upper mandible black; lower dark flesh; legs brown; nails black. Length, 200. This little crake is either very shy or very scarce as few specimens are seen. It is usually found in dry brush-land or on forest paths and is extremely quick in making its escape. 66. LIMNOBÆNUS PAYKULLI (Ljungh). PAYKULL'S CRAKE.