A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
The light may be admitted through the Negative by pointing the Camera
towards the sky; or direct sunlight may be used, thrown upon the Negative
by a plane reflector. A common swing looking-glass, if clear and free from
specks, does very well; it should be so placed that the centre on which it
turns is on a level with the axis of the lens.
The best Negatives for printing enlarged Positives are those which are
distinct and clear; and it is important to use a _small_ Negative, which
strains the lens less and gives a better result than one of larger size.
In printing by a 2-1/4 lens for instance, prepare the Negative upon a
plate about two inches square, and afterwards enlarge it four diameters.
Paper containing Chloride of Silver is not sufficiently sensitive to
receive the image, and the Print should be formed upon Collodion, or on
iodized paper developed by Gallic Acid (see p. 263).
The exposure required will vary not only with the intensity of the light
and the sensibility of the surface used, but also _with the degree of
reduction or enlargement of the image_.
In printing upon Collodion the resulting picture is Positive by
transmitted light; it should be backed up with white varnish, and then
becomes Positive by reflected light. The tone of the blacks is improved
by treating the plate first with Bichloride of Mercury, and then with
Ammonia, in the manner described at pages 113 and 207.
Mr. Wenham, who has written a paper on the mode of obtaining Positives
of the life size, operates in the following way:--he places the Camera,
with the slide containing the Negative, in a dark room, and reflects the
sunlight in through a hole in the shutter, so as to pass first through the
Negative and then through the lens; the image is received upon iodized
paper, and developed by Gallic Acid, in the mode described in the second
Section of this Chapter (p. 263).
_On printing Collodion transparencies for the Stereoscope._--This may
be done by using the Camera to form an image of the Negative in the
mode described in the last page; but more simply by the following
process:--Coat the glass, upon which the Print is to be formed, with
Collodio-Iodide of Silver in the usual way; then lay it upon a piece of
black cloth, Collodion side uppermost, and place two strips of paper of
about the thickness of cardboard and one-fourth of an inch broad, along
the two opposite edges, to prevent the Negative being soiled by contact
with the film. Both glasses must be _perfectly flat_, and even then it may
happen that the Negative is unavoidably wetted; if so, wash it immediately
with water, and if it be properly varnished, no harm will result.
A little ingenuity will suggest a simple framework of wood, on which the
Negative and sensitive plate are retained, separated only by the thickness
of a sheet of paper; and the use of this will be better than holding the
combination in the hand.
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