A few days after Agesilaus defeats the allies at Choronea. 390. Battle of Attia--Rome taken by the Gauls. 387. War against Cyprus--ends in two years. 371. Leuctra, battle of--Epaminondas, general of Thebes, defeats the Lacedæmonians. 363. Mantinea battle gained by Epaminondas. 360. Methone, the first victory of Philip of Macedon over the Athenians. 357. Second sacred war, on the temple being attacked by the Phoceans, ends in 9 years. 340. Battle of Agrigentum--Timoleon defeats the Carthaginians. 338. Battle of Cheronea. 335. Thebes destroyed by Alexander the Great, when he left only Pindar the poet’s house standing. 334. Battle of Granicus--Alexander. 333. Battle of Issus. 331. Battle of Arbella. 301. Battle of Ipous--Antigonus defeated. 312. Tuscan war commenced. 278. Battle at Delphi. Gauls under Brennus cut to pieces. 264. First Punic war lasts 23 years. 262. Sardis, Antiochus Soter defeated there by Eumenes. 256. Regulus defeated by Xanthippus. 234. Sardinian war continues 3 years. 222. Battle of Sellafia. 218. Second Punic war begins, lasts 17 years. 217. Battle of Thrasymene. 216. Battle of Cannæ. 208. Battle of Mantinea. 202. Battle of Zama. 197. Battle of Cynocephale--Philip defeated. 168. Battle of Pydna. This battle closed the Macedonian empire. 149. Third Punic war. 146. Carthage destroyed by the Romans. 111. Jugurthine war begins, continues 5 years. 105. Battle on the Rhine, the Tuetones defeat 80,000 Romans. 102. Tuetones defeated by C. Marius at Aquæ Sextia. 91. Social war begins, continues three years, finished by Sylla. 89. Mithridatic war begins, continues 26 years. 88. Wars of Marius and Sylla, last six years. 73. War of the Slaves under Spartacus, lasts two years, ended by Pompey and Crassus. 54. England invaded by Julius Cæsar. 48. Battle of Pharsalia. 45. Battle of Munda. 43. Battle of Mutina. 42. Battle of Philippi. Death of Brutus. 31. Battle of Actium. Death of the Republic; beginning of the Empire. _A. D._ 10. Varus the Roman general, defeated in Germany. 70. Jerusalem destroyed by Titus, August 31. 73. Byzantium taken by the Romans. 196. Byzantium destroyed by Severus. 269. The Goths conquered by Claudius, who massacres 300,000 of them. 340. Battle of Aquileia, Constantine the younger defeated and killed by Constans. 405. Battle of Fesulæ, Stilicho defeats 200,000 Goths. 410. Rome taken and plundered by the Goths. 440. England ravaged by the Picts and Scots. 455. Rome taken and plundered by the Vandals. 547. Rome re-taken by the Goths. 553. Rome re-conquered by the Emperor. 613. Jerusalem pillaged by the Persians, and 90,000 inhabitants killed. 622. Carthage destroyed by the Saracens.