A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 1 of 2): The Lepadidae; Or, Pedunculated CirripedesDarwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 1 of 2): The Lepadidae; Or, Pedunculated Cirripedes
Darwin, Charles
Cirripedia; Lepadidae
_Mouth._--uLovén has not described this part quite accurately, owing to
his not having used high enough magnifying powers. He states that the
trophi are soft and functionless, which is far from the case. The whole
mouth (fig. 2 _d_), is unusually small; it is, to a certain extent,
probosciformed, and being curved a little downwards, projects slightly
over the adductor muscle, to which it is closely placed. The labrum does
not project more beyond the general surface of the body, than in many
other Cirripedes, but the probosciformed structure is caused by the
elongation of the surface fronting the thorax. The summit of the mouth
stands above the level of the top of the pedicels of the first pair of
cirri. The labrum is slightly hollowed out in the middle of its upper
margin; it can scarcely be called bullate, in which it differs from all
other Lepadidæ; on the other hand, the outer and inner folds of the
labrum are not so close together as in Balanus. On each upper corner,
there is, as usual, a small rounded prominence, close to which there is
a second slight, rounded, spineless swelling; these latter represent the
quite rudimentary _Palpi_.
The _Mandibles_ (figs. 4, 5) are more highly developed than the other
trophi; they are, however, very minute, the toothed edge being only
about 16/1000th of an inch in length, measured in its longest direction;
the edge is unusually thick, with the teeth placed rather on one side;
this organ, when viewed on the labrum side (fig. 5), shows two large
teeth placed low down, with the inferior angle pectinated and broadly
truncated; but when viewed on the other or maxillæ side (fig. 4),
several large and small teeth, placed alternately and irregularly in
pairs, are seen extending along the whole edge. The mandibles are
furnished, as usual, with three principal sets of muscles attached to
the basal fold of the mouth.
The _Maxillæ_ (fig. 7) are still smaller than the mandibles; the spinose
edge being only the 1/100th of an inch in length; the edge, instead of
being square, and furnished with a double row of long spines, as in all
other Cirripedes, is rounded, thick, club-shaped, and with the side
facing the mandibles, thinly and irregularly strewed with short, thick,
very minute spines; there is a large broad apodeme (_a_), in the usual
place, but it is much more transparent and flexible than common: there
are also the usual muscles. In other cirripedes, the mandibles alone
seem to force the prey down the oesophagus; but here, the mandibles and
maxillæ equally stand over the orifice, and their adjoining spinose
faces and edges, seem excellently adapted to force, by their united
action, any minute living creature down the passage.
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