animal, as over a bridge, across any pre-existing cavity in the rock; and lastly, perhaps, for removing lower down, in the intervals of exuviation, the point of attachment for the longitudinal peduncular muscles. _Position of the animal in the rock, and its power of excavation._--A specimen of rock, two or three inches square, in Mr. Cuming’s possession, is full of Lithotryas; the cavities extend in every possible direction, and several were parallel, but with the animals in reversed positions; the same thing is apparent in some specimens of Mr. Stutchbury’s, and it was evident that the positions occupied by the animals were entirely due to chance. In Mr. Cuming’s specimen of rock, a considerable portion of the external surface is preserved, and here it can be seen that many of the specimens have their capitulums directed from the external surface directly inwards. These individuals, which were of full size, must have preyed on infusoria inhabiting the cavities of the porous, calcareous rock. On the other hand, I have seen some young specimens of _L. dorsalis_ with their valves not at all rubbed, and others of full size with uninjured Balani and corallines on the tips of the valves, and again a specimen of _L. truncata_ with minute pale-green sea-weed on the summit of the capitulum,--all which appearances induce me to believe that in these cases, the valves had projected freely beyond the cavity in which their peduncles were lodged. I may here also mention that in Mr. Cuming’s specimen, above alluded to, the basal cups of five specimens touched and adhered to each other; I was not able to make out whether there had originally existed separate burrows, as I think is most probable, and that the walls had been wholly worn away, or whether the five specimens had fixed themselves on one side of a large pre-existing, common cavity. Young specimens seem to burrow to the full depth, before nearly acquiring the diameter which they ultimately attain. I measured one burrow, 1.2 of an inch in depth, which, at its mouth or widest part, was only .17 in diameter.