A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.Darwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Darwin, Charles
Balanidae; Cirripedia
_Tubicinella._--The cementing apparatus is here less symmetrical; but
this, I believe, is chiefly owing to the basal membrane being formed
of successively larger discs (not slips) of membrane, thrown down not
quite concentrically one over the other; each new disc of membrane
seems to cover the last-formed cement-glands and ducts; and there
are as many ducts and glands as there are discs of membrane, all
adhering together. In one specimen, it appeared that normally there
were four sets of cement-ducts, as in the allied genera of Coronula and
Platylepas; but in other specimens, the ducts were distributed very
irregularly. In one case the two cement-trunks extended parallel and
close together, one of them terminating long before the other. I have
given a figure (Pl. 28, fig. 3) of three of the cement-glands, removed
from the basal membrane, together with their ducts. The cement-trunk
(_f f_) seemed to be a little enlarged, and to be crossed by septa, as
it entered the glands (_h_), but I could not make out this structure
clearly enough to be represented. Whilst young, the cement-glands stand
some little way apart from each other; and in the figure given of some
of the last-formed glands, they are hardly separate enough. Each gland
gives out obliquely, on one side, a cement-duct (_c_) which I traced
in several cases to the margin of one of the discs of basal membrane,
where cement issued from it; and on the opposite side, a tapering spur
(_b_), varying in length, which may be called, and I believe really
is, a rudimentary duct. Of these spurs we shall meet many instances
in other genera. The duct (_c_) and the spur (_b_), close to where
they entered the gland, in some specimens gave off, at about right
angles, short blunt points, or rudimentary branches. This duct and spur
correspond, I believe, with the two ducts in Coronula; but besides
these, a duct (_a_) is given off from one end of the gland, from the
surface opposite to that at which the cement-trunk enters. This duct
(_a_) is very singular, from always forming a loop (_a′_), with two
spurs projecting from it: these two spurs occasionally spring from a
common point: I have seen nothing like this structure in any other
Cirripede. This duct (_a_) runs, like the duct (_c_), to the margin
of its own disc of basal membrane, where it debouches. Besides these
ducts, in the best specimen which I examined, there were two other
sets of ducts, which were slightly zig-zag, and at each angular bend,
a mere knob or point, or at most a short branch, was given off; but
this branch seemed never to run to the margin of the basal membrane
or to give out cement; whereas the main branch did give out cement. I
was not able to trace these ducts to their glands. In these zig-zag
ducts, and in the rudimentary points sometimes observed at the base
of the duct (_c_), and likewise at the base of the spur (_b_), we see
the first indication of that tendency to bifurcation, so strongly
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