The genera in the Balaninæ and Chthamalinæ are founded chiefly on the number of the compartments (the number being apparently due, as previously explained, to the fusion or abortion of certain of the eight typical compartments); and secondarily, on the nature and even form of the basis, and on the porosity of the walls. In Coronula and its allies, the non-articulated opercular valves and deeply folded walls come into play. As a justification for using these characters in distinguishing the genera, and even to a certain extent in separating the two sub-families, I must call to mind that the shell, with the basis, is not merely a dermal envelope, as amongst Molluscs, but actually consists of the first three segments of the head. The parts of the mouth and the cirri are of very little service in distinguishing the genera,--a singular fact, considering that most of the genera amongst the Lepadidæ could be distinguished by these organs,--though trifling details in their structure sometimes come in useful as specific characters. Balanus, with the sub-genus Acasta; Pyrgoma, with the sub-genus Creusia; Tetraclita, and Elminius, are genera of about equal value; though perhaps the two latter are rather more nearly related together than to the others. Chelonobia is more distinct; it shows some little affinity to the Chthamalinæ, and likewise to the four following genera. Coronula, Platylepas, Tubicinella, and Xenobalanus, are genera quite distinct from the foregoing, and from each other; yet, as we have just seen, palpably allied together. Amongst the Chthamalinæ, Pachylasma, Octomeris, and Catophragmus, are more closely related to each other than to the other two genera of the sub-family; yet Pachylasma, as far as the shell is concerned, leads into the Balaninæ, and Catophragmus into the Lepadidæ; Octomeris leads towards Chthamalus, and Chthamalus towards Chamæsipho.