A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.Darwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Darwin, Charles
Balanidae; Cirripedia
Nor have I any doubt that _var. crispatus_, of Schröter (Pl. 1, fig.
_h_), is only a variety, although the scuta in some specimens have a
peculiar appearance, externally like these valves in _var. occator_
(Pl. 2, fig. 1 _b_): the scutum is here broader and flatter than in
_var. communis_, and the adductor ridge is very feebly developed,
but we shall see how variable this ridge is in all the varieties:
externally, the sharp, hood-like points formed by the upturned lines
of growth, have a very remarkable appearance, from being arranged in
quite straight radiating lines. This structure is evidently caused by
the same tendency which produces on the walls the sharp, upturned,
irregular points; but it is singular that the scuta are smooth in
some specimens with very rough parietes; and, on the other hand,
bristling with the symmetrically arranged, hood-like projections, in
other specimens on which I could with difficulty detect only a few
exceedingly minute points on the walls. In _var. communis_ I have
seen a few specimens with a slight tendency in the scuta to become
striated longitudinally. The tergum in _var. crispatus_ presents no
difference from that in _var. communis_. Some of the roughest and
best characterised specimens of _var. crispatus_ appear to have come
off copper-sheathed vessels.
I believe _var. spinosus_ of Gmelin (Pl. 1, fig. _i_), has been
correctly considered by me as a variety, but I have unfortunately
seen only one set of specimens with their opercular valves preserved:
these were attached to _Lepas anatifera_. The colour of the shell
varies from reddish-purple to nearly white; the radii are sometimes
quite white; the walls are slightly ribbed. The scuta in the above
specimens, externally were smooth; the adductor ridge was rather more
distinct from the articular ridge than in any other variety; and the
terga rather more plainly beaked. The tubular, up-curved, calcareous
spines sometimes occur only on one side of the shell, and often only
in the lower part. These spines are often coloured brighter than
the walls. Their presence cannot be accounted for (any more than
the state of the scuta in the foregoing _var. crispatus_) by the
nature of the surface to which they are attached; for I have seen one
set attached to a large rugged specimen of _B. tintinnabulum_, and
another to the very smooth valves of _Lepas anatifera_. I believe
that this form is almost always associated with _var. communis_,
which is an argument that it is only a variety.
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