A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.Darwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Darwin, Charles
Balanidae; Cirripedia
_General Description._--Shell tubulo-conical; orifice of moderate
size, rather deeply toothed; colour dull pink, or purplish, or dark
flesh-colour; sometimes the radii are paler, sometimes of the same
colour with the parietes. Surface smooth when well preserved, having
transverse rows of minute spines. In the West Indian variety the
walls are slightly or much folded, but I will describe this form
separately. Size of largest specimen (Mus. Jeffreys), .6 of an inch
in basal diameter.
_Scutum_, with fine ridges radiating from the apex, and with the
lines of growth, crenated: internally, the articular ridge is small,
adductor ridge short and barely distinct: there is a rather deep
and narrow pit for the lateral depressor muscle. The whole valve
is much thinner than in _B. trigonus_, which in most respects it
closely resembles. _Tergum_, with the apex pinkish purple, produced
or beaked, but the beak is not needle-like, as in _B. psittacus_
and its allies, for the carinal margin is perfectly preserved up to
the tip. Externally the valve is nearly flat, for the longitudinal
furrow is very shallow. The spur is about one third of the width of
the valve; its lower end is abruptly truncated: in European specimens
(1 _b_) the whole basal margin, on the carinal side, slopes down to
the spur in a straight line, which, together with the sharpness and
production of the basi-scutal angle of the spur itself, gives to the
whole valve a peculiar appearance: in the specimen (1 _c_) from the
Lagulhas Bank, the basal margin on the carinal side is a little more
hollowed out, but it is quite impossible to doubt about the specific
identity of these specimens: in the West Indian variety (1 _d_) the
basal margin on the carinal side forms a distinct but obtuse angle
with the spur. In all cases the crests for the depressor muscles are
very feebly developed.
The _Compartments_ have their radii developed to a rather varying
degree, with their summits oblique; hence the orifice is toothed:
the sutural edges of the radii have their septa barely denticulated;
the sutural edges of the alæ are smooth. The basis, as with the
other species of this section, is permeated by pores; yet I found
one specimen, from the Cape of Good Hope, with the basis apparently
solid, thus offering a very singular anomaly. In the specimen
imbedded in sponge, the basis, as viewed externally, is concave;
whereas in Acasta, which always inhabits sponges, the basis is highly
convex or hemispherical.
The _Mouth_ and _Cirri_ resemble those of _B. trigonus_, and I can
point out no distinguishing character.
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