A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.Darwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Darwin, Charles
Balanidae; Cirripedia
_General Appearance._--Shape conical, either steep or considerably
depressed; sometimes tubular; orifice either nearly entire or deeply
toothed, not large, varying from rhomboidal to rounded-trigonal.
Surface of shell smooth, never ribbed, generally naked, but
occasionally the yellowish epidermis is persistent; in the same
individual, I have seen all the lower part of the shell thus covered
and the upper part naked, the line of separation being defined.
The _colour_ varies much, even sometimes considerably on the same
individual; generally white or pale gray, with dull violet-coloured,
longitudinal, moderately broad stripes; these stripes are sometimes
equidistant, but more usually they are arranged so as to leave
broad white spaces; the stripes fade away by endless variations,
the edges of the compartments and the carinal end of the shell
longest retaining any colour, until we have a uniformly white
shell, generally covered with a yellowish epidermis; or the white
is longitudinally marked with hyaline lines; this latter variety
has a very peculiar aspect, and I did not doubt it was specifically
distinct, until, in a number of specimens on a ship from the West
Indies, I got the most perfect series, and another scarcely less
perfect series from the Mediterranean, graduating into common
coloured varieties. Rarely the dull violet or purple stripes become
approximate and dark, so that the whole shell is tinted of a brownish
slate-colour, occasionally freckled with white. Again, we have
another set of very pretty varieties, with a white or very pale
pink ground, with either narrow bright pink or broad pinkish-purple
stripes. Again, I have seen numerous specimens of a variety, _var.
Stutsburi_, from the west coast of Africa, in which the upper part
of the shell is white, and the lower part shaded with pinkish or
dark purple approximate stripes, which often become confluent; in
one group, the whole shell being thus uniformly coloured, without
any vestige of stripes. I have seen another group from an unknown
locality, in which the lower part of the shell was uniformly
blueish-gray. A variety from Australia has narrow approximate dark
claret-coloured stripes, transversely freckled with white. Lastly, in
the variety _cirratus_, the whole shell is very pale purplish-brown,
with indistinct longitudinal brownish stripes, transversely freckled
with white lines. I considered this as a distinct species, until
quite lately finding forms which I could not possibly determine
whether to class as _B. cirratus_ or _amphitrite_.
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