A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.Darwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Darwin, Charles
Balanidae; Cirripedia
These are situated in the same position as in the Lepadidæ, namely,
in a slight swelling on the sides of the thorax (Pl. 25, fig. 1,
_d′_) just beneath the basal articulation of the first pair of cirri.
The orifice in Tubicinella and Xenobalanus is slightly produced, or
is tubular; the free part in the former genus projecting 5/100ths
of an inch. The structure of all the parts is essentially the same
as in the Lepadidæ, but I think all are proportionally larger. The
external membrane of the body is turned inwards at the orifice,
as a short flattened tube, which widens considerably (being, in a
middle-sized specimen of Coronula, 4/100ths of an inch in width) before
it abruptly terminates. The meatus, as I have called the sack-like
cavity which encloses the true acoustic sack or vesicle, is formed
of pulpy membrane, and is apparently continuous with the corium of
the whole body, but by dissection it can be separated entire. The
acoustic vesicle is of various shapes, as we shall immediately see; but
in all essential respects it is identical with the same part in the
Lepadidæ; it is formed of the same peculiar, soft, elastic, brownish,
transparent tissue, which seems to be composed of fine, transverse
pillars, becoming towards the outside fibrous, and at their inner ends
appearing when viewed vertically from above, like hyaline points. In
_Coronula diadema_, I observed on the outside of the acoustic vesicle,
some excessively minute bristles, only 1/3000ths of an inch in length,
seated on little eminences. I examined carefully the contents of the
vesicle in this species, in specimens well preserved in spirits, and
there was nothing within but a very little, thin, pulpy fluid, and a
few yellowish nucleated cells, here and there aggregated into small
groups. In Coronula, the flattened acoustic vesicle is elongated, with
a somewhat sinuous, but not very irregular margin (Pl. 27, fig. 4),
and is without any ridges on the surface; its neck or orifice projects
at right angles to the elongated portion, which stands obliquely to
the tubular orifice of the meatus. In a moderately-sized specimen of
_Coronula diadema_, the elongated portion of the acoustic vesicle was,
6/100ths of an inch in length. In Tubicinella, the acoustic vesicle
is heart-shaped, with the neck attached to its broader end; and the
surface is covered by zig-zag ridges. In _Balanus tintinnabulum_ (fig.
3), the acoustic vesicle is almost square at the lower end, with the
neck placed at one of the upper corners; on the external surface,
there is an oblique prominent ridge or fold, which sends off downwards
another ridge; its length, in a large individual, was 5/100ths of an
inch.
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