A Pictorial Atlas of Fossil Remains, consisting of coloured illustrations selected from Parkinson's "Organic remains of a former world," and Artis's "Antediluvian phytology."Mantell, Gideon Algernon
Science
A Pictorial Atlas of Fossil Remains, consisting of coloured illustrations selected from Parkinson's "Organic remains of a former world," and Artis's "Antediluvian phytology."
Mantell, Gideon Algernon
Paleontology
_Anoplotherium_. The first approximates to the Tapirs in the number
and disposition of the teeth; the second is remarkable in having no
projecting canines, and in all the teeth forming a continued series,
as in the human race. Remains of both these genera have been found
in the eocene tertiary strata of the Isle of Wight,[108] and on the
coast of Hampshire.
[Footnote 107: A concise exposition of the Cuvierian inductive
philosophy will be found in Wonders of Geology, pp. 137-147.]
[Footnote 108: See my Geological Excursions round the Isle of Wight.
For an account of the fossil animals of Paris, refer to Wonders of
Geology, p. 254.]
X. Fossil Edentata. _Megatherium, and Megalonyx_. (Plates LXXII.
and LXXIII.)--The remains of these and other allied forms of the
extinct gigantic Edentata, which once inhabited South America, occur
in immense quantities throughout the Pampas--those vast plains which
present a sea of waving grass for 900 miles. These plains consist
of alluvial loam and sand, containing fresh-water and marine shells
of existing species; they were evidently once, like Lewes Levels,
a gulf or arm of the sea. Since the publication of Mr. Parkinson's
work, vast numbers of bones have been exhumed, and many most
interesting specimens sent to England by Sir Woodbine Parish, and
Charles Darwin, Esq., in whose charming "Journal of Researches into
the Natural History and Geology of the Countries visited during the
Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the World," will be found many highly
graphic notices of the discovery of these remains.[109] Mr. Darwin,
under the head of _Bahia Blanca_,[110] describes the remains of no
less than nine great quadrupeds found imbedded within the space of
200 square yards. They consisted of three heads and other bones
of the _Megatherium_, of enormous dimensions; and bones of the
_Megalonyx_. Of the _Scelidotherium_, an allied animal, Mr. Darwin
obtained an almost perfect skeleton; it must have been as large as a
rhinoceros; in the structure of the head, it approaches nearest the
Cape ant-eater, in other respects it is related to the armadilloes.
Remains of a different species of Mylodon, of another gigantic
edental quadruped, and of a large animal with an osseous dermal coat
in compartments, very like that of the Armadillo. Of this last, which
has been named _Glyptodon_, there is a very fine specimen in the
Hunterian Museum. Teeth and bones of an extinct species of horse,
and of an unknown pachyderm, a huge beast with a long neck like the
camel. Lastly the _Toxodon_ (so named from the remarkable curvature
of the teeth); this is perhaps one of the strangest animals ever
discovered. In size it equals the elephant or megatherium, but the
structure of its teeth shows it to have been intimately related to
the gnawers--the order which at the present day includes the smallest
quadrupeds. In many details it approaches to the pachydermata;
judging from the position of its eyes, it was probably aquatic, like
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