_d._ Leaves blunt, short, closely applied to the stem. Class III.--11. Filicites.--Frond disposed on a flat surface, symmetrical; secondary rib simple, forked, or rarely anastomosing. These are divided Into five sub-genera:-- _a._ _Glossopteris._--Frond simple, not jagged, traversed by a single mid-rib, without distinct secondary ribs. _b._ _Sphenopteris._--Pinnules wedge-shaped, rounded or lobed at the extremity; ribs palmate or radiating from the base of the pinnule. _c._ _Neuropteris._--Pinnules rounded, not lobed, nor adhering to the rachis by their base; ribs scarcely visible beyond the base, in general very distinct, and two-forked. _d._ _Pecopteris._--Frond pinnatifid; pinnules adherent by their base to the rachis, traversed by a mid-rib; secondary ribs pinnate. _e._ _Odontopteris._--Pinnules adhering to the rachis by the whole of their base; mid-rib none; secondary ribs running out perpendicularly from the rachis. 12. Sphœnophyllites.--Leaves verticillate, wedge-shaped, truncate; ribs radiating, two-forked.[100] 13. Asterophyllites.--Leaves verticillate, with a single rib.[101] 14. Fucoides.--Frond not symmetrical, often disposed on a flat surface; ribs none, or badly defined. 15. Phyllites.--Leaves with ribs well defined, repeatedly divided, or anastomosing.[102] 16. Poacites.--Leaves linear; ribs parallel. 17. Palmacites.--Leaves fan-shape. [Footnote 100: M. Brongniart considers these to belong to some extinct genus of plants, allied to, although perfectly distinct from, the recent genus _Marsilea_.] [Footnote 101: These the author thinks are the remains of an extinct genus of plants.] [Footnote 102: The character of the ribs here given belongs exclusively to leaves of plants of the dicotyledonous tribe; as those of the next genus _Poacites_ equally restricts them to the other great tribe of monocotyledonous plants.] Class IV. _Organs of fructification._ Order I. Carpolithes.--Fruits or seeds. Order II. Antholithes.--Flowers.[103] [Footnote 103: These orders are too little known to be divided at present into genera.] The numerous additions and modifications, which subsequent experience and discoveries have led M. Brongniart to introduce into his classification, will be found in an article recently published (1849) in the "Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle," under the title of "Tableau des Genres de Végétaux Fossiles, considérés sous le point de vue de leur classification botanique et de leur distribution géologique."