Thus, the virtual discovery of the solar appendages, both coronal and chromospheric, may be said to have been begun in 1842, and completed in 1851. The current Herschelian theory of the solar constitution remained, however, for the time, intact. Difficulties, indeed, were thickening around it; but their discussion was perhaps felt to be premature, and they were permitted to accumulate without debate, until fortified by fresh testimony into unexpected and overwhelming preponderance. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 131: Kosmos, Bd. iii., p. 409; Lalande, _Bibliographie Astronomique_, pp. 179, 202.] [Footnote 132: R. Wolf, _Die Sonne und ihre Flecken_, p. 9. Marius himself, however, seems to have held the Aristotelian terrestrial-exhalation theory of cometary origin. See his curious little tract, _Astronomische und Astrologische Beschreibung der Cometen_, Nürnberg, 1619.] [Footnote 133: _Phil. Trans._, vol. xxvii., p. 274. _Umbræ_ (now called _penumbræ_) are spaces of half-shadow which usually encircle spots. _Faculæ_ ("little torches," so named by Scheiner) are bright streaks or patches closely associated with spots.] [Footnote 134: _Mém. Ac. Sc._, 1776 (pub. 1779), p. 507. D. Cassini, however, first put forward about 1671 the hypothesis alluded to in the text. See Delambre, _Hist. de l'Astr. Mod._, t. ii., p. 694; and _Kosmos_, Bd. iii., p. 410.] [Footnote 135: _Phil. Trans._, vol. lxiv., part i., pp. 7-11.] [Footnote 136: _Rosa Ursina_, lib. iv., p. 507.] [Footnote 137: R. Wolf, _Die Sonne und ihre Flecken_, p. 12.] [Footnote 138: Schellen, _Die Spectralanalyse_, Bd. ii., p. 56 (3rd ed.).] [Footnote 139: _Phil. Trans._, vol. lxiv., p. 20.] [Footnote 140: _Ibid._, vol. lxxxv., 1795, p. 63.] [Footnote 141: _Phil. Trans._, vol. xci., 1801, p. 303.] [Footnote 142: The supposed opaque or protective stratum beneath the photosphere was named by him "planetary," from the analogy of terrestrial clouds.] [Footnote 143: _Ibid._, p. 305.] [Footnote 144: _Novum Organum_, lib. ii. aph. 20.] [Footnote 145: Brewster's _Life of Newton_, vol. ii., p. 103.] [Footnote 146: _Beschäftigungen d. Berl. Ges. Naturforschender Freunde_, Bd. ii., p. 233.] [Footnote 147: _Gentleman's Magazine_, 1787, vol. ii., p. 636.] [Footnote 148: _Results_, etc., p. 432.] [Footnote 149: _Ibid._, p. 434.] [Footnote 150: See _ante_, p. 31.] [Footnote 151: _Memoir of Francis Baily, Mem. R. A. S._, vol. xv., p. 524.] [Footnote 152: _Mem. R. A. S._, vol. x., pp. 5-6.] [Footnote 153: _Ibid._, pp. 14-17.] [Footnote 154: _Mem. R. A. S._, vol. xv., pp. 4-6.] [Footnote 155: _Ibid._, p. 16.] [Footnote 156: _Annuaire_, 1846, p. 409.] [Footnote 157: _Ibid._, p. 317.] [Footnote 158: _Ibid._, p. 322.] [Footnote 159: _Phil. Trans._, vol. xl., p. 192.] [Footnote 160: _Mem. R. A. S._, vol. x., p. 17.] [Footnote 161: _Ann. du Bureau des Long._, 1846, p. 309.]