L'autrier par la ma-ti-ne-e, En-tre un bois et un ver-gier U-ne pastoure ai trou-ve-e Chantant pour soi en-voi-sier, Et di-soit un son pre-mier 'Chi me tient li maus d'amor.' Tan-tost ce-le part m'entor, Ka je l'oi des rais-ner; Si li dis sans de-la-ier. Bel-le Diex vous doint bon-jor.] Immediately following the troubadours came the trouveres, who were simply troubadours of nobler birth, and perhaps of finer imagination. There were so many of these singers that it is quite impossible here to give a list of their names. Among the more celebrated, forty-two names are given by Fetis, the most familiar among them being those of Blondel, the minstrel of Richard Coeur de Lion, and the Chatelaine de Coucy (died about 1192), from whom we have twenty-three chansons. It was the trouveres who invented the _Chansons de Geste_ already mentioned--songs of action; in other words, ballads. One of the most celebrated of these was the "Story of Antioch," a romance of the crusades, extending to more than 15,000 lines. This poem was not intended to be read, but was chanted by the minstrels during the crusades themselves. One Richard the Pilgrim was the author. The song is, in fact, a history of the crusade in which he took part, up to a short time before the battle in which he was killed. Another very celebrated piece of the same kind, the "Song of Roland," the history of a warrior in the suite of Charlemagne, is said to have been chanted before the battle of Hastings by the Jongleur Taillefer. Other pieces of the same kind were the "Legend of the Chevalier Cygne" ("Lohengrin") "Parsifal" and the "Holy Grail." Each one of these was sung to a short formula of melody, which was performed over and over incessantly, excepting variations of endings employed in the episodes. A very eminent author of pieces of this kind was the Chevalier de Coucy, who died 1192, in the crusade. There are twenty-four songs of his still in the Paris Library. [Illustration: Fig. 26. REINMAR, THE MINNESINGER. (From a manuscript of the thirteenth century, in the National Library at Paris.)]