Locke commenced his labours on the principle that “compact is the true basis of government, and the protection of property its great end.” Cold and calculating, with no generous enthusiasm of soul, no sympathetic and aspiring impulses, guided alone by intellect and conventionality, it is no wonder that the “Grand Model,” as the constitution of Carolina was called, failed of practical application, and was, finally, after the vain attempt of many years to enforce it, abandoned as totally inapplicable to its purpose. It has been well remarked that “the formation of political institutions in the United States was not effected by giant minds or nobles after the flesh. Their truly great legislators became as little children.” But, futile as was this Grand Model constitution, we must give some idea of it to our readers, to show how little intellect merely and political wisdom can comprehend the principles of successful government or the basis of a prosperous and happy social state. “The interests of the proprietaries, a government most agreeable to monarchy, and a careful avoidance of a numerous democracy,” are the avowed threefold objects of the Carolina constitution. The proprietaries, eight in number, were never to be increased or diminished; their dignity was hereditary. The vast extent of territory was to be divided into counties, each containing about seven hundred and fifty square miles; to each county appertained two orders of nobility, a landgrave or earl, and two caciques or barons; the land was to be divided into five equal parts, one of which became the inalienable right of the proprietaries, another equally inalienably the property of the nobility, and the remaining three-fifths were reserved for the people, and might be held by lords of manors who were not hereditary legislators, but, like the nobility, exercised judicial powers in their baronial courts. The number of three nobles for each county was to remain unalterable; after the current century no transfer of lands could take place. Each county being divided into twenty-four parts, called colonies, were to be cultivated by a race of hereditary leetmen, or tenants, attached to the soil, each holding ten acres of land at a fixed rent; these tenants not being possessed of any political franchise, but being “adscripts of the soil under the jurisdiction of their lord, without any appeal;” and it was added that “all the children of leetmen shall be leetmen, and so to all generations.”