The grant to Penn made him sovereign proprietary not only of Pennsylvania, but of the settlements of the Swedes, Dutch and English, on the western bank of the Delaware and the mouth of the Schuylkill. A royal proclamation, announcing this fact to these settlers, accompanied by the letter to his new subjects above given, was immediately sent over by William Penn by the hand of his young relative, William Markham. At the same time companies were formed in London for commercial purposes, and for the purchase of land and emigration; lands were sold at the rate of 40_s._ for every 100 acres, the purchasers being entitled also to lots in the city, all land being subject to a quit-rent of 1_s._ for each 100 acres. In the course of the summer, three vessels of emigrants, with three commissioners on board, set sail for the new land; but good fortune seemed not to attend them; one was driven to the West Indies, another frozen up on the Delaware. Penn, though he inherited a considerable property from his father, was not by any means a wealthy man. Owing to the liberality of his expenditure on behalf of his suffering brethren, his circumstances were straitened, and he had a growing family; yet such was the integrity of his mind, that he refused £6,000 which were offered him by a London trading company, for a monopoly of the Indian traffic between the Delaware and the Susquehannah. Monopoly was contrary to his principles of justice, and he replied, nobly, that “he would not abuse the love of God, nor act unworthy of his providence, by defiling what came to him clean.” No; his government in Pennsylvania was to be “a Holy Experiment,” for which there was no room in England, and self-aggrandisement, even though himself profited by it, could have no place there. In September, Penn sent out instructions regarding the laying out of the new city. Wishing to avoid the fault of the cities of the Old World, which, built during times of disquiet, were crowded within narrow bounds, so as to be easily defended in case of need, he desired that his new city should be laid out with ample space, allowing to each house its garden, so as to form “a green country town.” He also sent a friendly letter to the Indians, addressing them as brethren, as children of the same Heavenly Father, “having the same law written in their hearts, and alike bound to love and help to do one another good.”