The fur-traders of Carolina adventured far into the interior; the oak of the inland forest was cleft into staves for the West Indies, and the pine furnished masts, boards and joists, tar and turpentine. These naval stores, however, were rather the produce of the hardier North Carolina, where but few negro slaves were to be found, and the inhabitants were of a much more sturdy and independent character. “North Carolina,” says the historian, “like ancient Rome, was famed as the sanctuary of runaways. Seventy years after its origin, it is described as a country where there is scarce any form of government; and it long continued to be said, with but slight exaggeration, that in North Carolina every one did that which was right in his own eyes, paying tribute neither to God nor to Cæsar.” But in this lawless state, where there was neither church nor creed, where “Quakers, Atheists, Deists and other evil-disposed persons,” lived a life of freedom and peace, all went well; and the stone which marks the grave, beneath the shade of a large cedar-tree, of Henderson Walker, the governor in 1694, records simply that “North Carolina, during his administration, enjoyed tranquillity.” But to this irreligious state, as it was considered, the proprietaries determined to put an end, by establishing episcopacy as the religion of the colony; and Robert Daniel was sent over by them as deputy-governor for this purpose. The apple of discord was now thrown into the colony, and long and bitter disputes followed, the Quakers being accused as the principal fomenters of these distractions. The colony was broken up into two factions, and each party in 1706 had their own governor and their own house of representatives, neither of which were able to gain the ascendancy—the one, of which Thomas Cary was head, wanting a legal sanction; the other, led by William Glover, popular favour. At length, Edward Hyde, a relative of Queen Anne’s, was sent over, in the hope of restoring order; and he, as deputy-governor of North Carolina, was to receive as usual his commission from Tynte, the governor of South Carolina; but Tynte was dead when he arrived, and the turbulent people of North Carolina paid him no respect. Affairs grew desperate; the friends of Hyde took up arms to assert his power, and called in the aid of Spotswood, an experienced soldier and governor of Virginia. But Spotswood, though vehement against “the mutinous spirit of North Carolina, yet pleaded the difficulties of marching forces into a country so cut up with rivers;” besides which he had no troops but militia, and Virginia herself, at least the counties bordering on Carolina, “were stocked with Quakers;” and he only sent a party of marines from the guardship as an evidence of his good disposition. Cary and the leaders of his party having, however, appeared in Virginia with the intention, as they said, of appealing to England in defence of their actions, were