2. _Crural_ or _Femoral Hernia_; when the intestines escape by the crural canal. 3. _Hernia at the Foramen Ovalis_; when the viscera escape through the opening which gives passage to the obturator vessels. 4. _Ischiatic_ or _Sciatic Hernia_; when it takes place through the sacro-sciatic notch. 5. _Umbilical Hernia_; when it occurs at or near the umbilicus. 6. _Epigastric Hernia_; occurring through the linea alba, above the umbilicus. 7. _Hypogastric Hernia_; when it occurs through the linea alba, below the umbilicus. 8. _Perineal Hernia_; when it occurs through the levatorani and appears at the perineum. 9. _Vaginal Hernia_; occurring through the parietes of the vagina. 10. _Diaphragmatic Hernia_; when it passes through the diaphragm. A more detailed description of hernia belongs to works on surgery. A hernia, if not reducible, may, by becoming strangulated, give rise to constipation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the signs of violent inflammation. Gangrene supervenes, with alteration of the features, small pulse, cold extremities, and death. =Incarceration=, is a form of mechanical obstruction of the bowels, differing from hernia, in there being no escape of the intestine from the abdominal cavity, as in the latter case. It may arise in various ways, but the most frequent form is that in which a portion of intestine becomes constricted by means of fibrous bands which have formed as a result of peritoneal inflammation. Passing from one portion of the intestines to another, or from the intestines to the abdominal walls, a loop of bowel may slip beneath or between these bands, and become so compressed, as to interfere with the passage of the contents, and result in great dilatation of the gut above the point of stricture. Complete strangulation may finally result, and the patient die with symptoms of mechanical obstruction. Another, but less frequent form of incarceration, is where a portion of intestine slips through the foramen of Winslow, or through a congenital opening in the mesentery, as in the following CASE:—_Death from Strangulation of the Bowel, from becoming Incarcerated in an opening in the omentum_. Mary H——, aged five years, was taken suddenly with great pain in the bowels at 2 o’clock A. M., having retired the night before in perfect health. Vomiting soon set in, accompanied with great thirst, and the whole body became bathed in a profuse cold perspiration. The severe pain continued, and the vomited matter became stercoraceous. I saw the case at 10 o’clock A. M., and then found the child in a moribund condition. The breathing was rapid; pulse very small and frequent; skin pale, damp and cold; eyes sunken and nose pinched. Rapidly sinking, she died at 12 M.