_Ulcer, and fissure_ of the anus, usually accompany each other, though either may exist alone. The ulcer, when present, is found just within the anus, while the fissure extends from this across the edge of the sphincter. While these affections are trifling in their post-mortem appearance, they are of great importance from the local trouble and constitutional irritation which they may produce during life. _Fistula in ano_, consists in the presence of a false passage along side the rectum, usually the result of a small abscess in the ischio-rectal fossa. It is said to be _complete_ when it opens at one end into the bowel, and at the other through the integument near the anus; and _incomplete_, when it has but one opening, whether that be on the surface or in the rectum. _Hæmorrhoids_ will be noticed under the head of Morbid Growths. =Cancer=, in its various forms, may be found in connection with the intestines, where it is usually primary in its origin. The scirrhus form is more frequently met with in the rectum, and is likely to involve the whole circumference of the passage. From the tendency which this form has to contract the parts, stricture of the rectum is likely to result, which may become a source of great suffering, and finally of death. Other forms of cancer may be found in any portion of the intestines; the colon and rectum, however, being their more frequent location. Cancer of the intestines is very liable to extend to the surrounding tissues and organs, and in many cases, perforations of the bowel, or fistulous communications between the rectum and bladder in the male, or uterus or vagina in the female, may result. =Tubercles=, generally of the miliary form, may be found within the coats of the intestines, principally confined to the peritoneal covering however. They may occasionally be found in the mucous coat, and in the walls of follicular ulcers of that membrane. =Tumors= of various kinds may be found in connection with the intestine. _Fatty tumors_ may originate within the mucous membrane, and project as polypoid growths into the cavity of the bowel; or they may commence in the appendices epiploicæ, and degenerate into a cystic tumor with fluid contents, or become infiltrated with calcareous matter; or the pedicle may become atrophied and the tumor detached, and found free in the peritoneal cavity. _Adenoid tumors_ may result from hypertrophy of the several forms of glands of the intestines, and appear as soft, rounded, and perhaps pedunculated tumors, which are liable to become ulcerated. _Fibroid tumors_ of small size and polypoid form, may be found in any part of the intestines, and are generally considered as a result of chronic inflammation.