The tissue of the gland in these cases is very firm, so that the organ generally retains its form when laid with its convex surface on the table. The external surface is smooth and free from adhesions. When cut, a peculiar translucent substance is found infiltrated through the tissues, giving it a firm, glistening appearance, known as waxy, lardaceous, amaloyd, albuminous, or sometimes scrofulous liver. This substance is stained a deep red by the action of a weak solution of iodine. The change appears to commence first, in the small blood-vessels, finally extending to the lobules, appearing first in the centre, and ultimately involving the whole lobule. The disease is more common in males than females, and is frequently caused by constitutional syphilis. In some instances, it would appear to be produced by a tubercular diathesis, and coexists with some local form of scrofulous disease, or by a long exposure to malarial influences. =Fatty Liver.= This form of disease we find in drunkards; in persons who have been large eaters and sedentary in habit; in several wasting diseases, as in chronic diarrhœa, and especially in phthisis pulmonalis. There is a moderate degree of enlargement which affects all portions of the gland. The consistency is softer, and the resistance less than in waxy liver, giving it a doughy feel. The color varies, but is usually lighter than normal, approaching a yellow, and more or less mottled. When cut, the substance presents a decidedly oily appearance, both to the feel and sight. The disease is unaccompanied with pain from first to last; neither is its function materially interfered with, hence jaundice is not usually a symptom of the disease. A microscopic examination shows the lobules of the liver filled with fat globules, which appear to have originated in the hepatic cells. The change appears to commence at the circumference of the lobule, the centre remaining normal in color, thus giving a mottled appearance to the cut surface. Other organs are very liable to be affected at the same time by this form of disease, as the heart, kidneys, etc., the symptoms which the case presents, such as albuminous urine, tendency to dropsy, dyspnœa, etc., arising from these organs, rather than from the fatty liver. =Pigmentary Degeneration.= In cases of malarial poisoning, we sometimes find the liver with other organs of the body, as the spleen, lungs, brain, kidneys, etc., presenting a peculiar dark color, the result of the presence of a black or brown pigment in the blood, filling the vessels of these organs. The pigment appears to be formed of small granules either free or contained in irregular cells. In the liver, this pigment is found most abundant in the blood of the portal vein, but may be present in the hepatic artery, and in all the venous capillaries. The liver may be normal in size, or it may be atrophied or hypertrophied, or may have undergone fatty or waxy degenerations.