=Simple Fatty Degeneration of the Kidneys.= We occasionally find, along with fatty degeneration of the liver and of the muscular substance of the heart, a fatty degeneration of the kidney, without any trace of inflammation. The kidneys are of about the normal size; the surface smooth, and the capsule not adherent. The organ is more soft and flexible than natural, and the surface is pale, and mottled with sebaceous-looking deposits. On section, we find the abundant deposition of sebaceous-looking material to be mainly in the tubules of the cortical substance, but also to be found in those of the cones. The microscope shows that the deposit is not in the free cavity of the tubes, but within the epithelial cells. We may have the simple fatty degeneration in connection with exhausting disease, old age, or with excess of fatty food. The adipose tissue in which the kidney lies embedded, may increase to such a degree as to penetrate by the hilus into the substance of the organ, impede its nutrition, and induce a kind of atrophy. Rokitansky states that, in the highest degree of this change, the kidney presents the appearance of a mere mass of fat, without the slightest trace of renal organization; the urinary passages at the same time being atrophied and obliterated. =Dislocated Kidney.= As a result of over-exertion, tight lacing, or perhaps pregnancy, the kidney sometimes becomes detached from its connections to the surrounding structures, permitting of a change of position, and constituting what is known as _movable_ or _dislocated kidney_. The right kidney is said to be more frequently affected in this manner, and the condition is more common with females than males. Morbid Growths. =Tubercular Disease=, though not of frequent occurrence, does sometimes occur in the kidneys. In most cases we find a deposit of tubercle in other organs, especially in the lungs, and often in various parts of the genito-urinary apparatus. This disease is most liable to occur in the middle period of life. It is found sometimes in the miliary form, sometimes in larger masses. In a very decided tubercular dyscrasia, we find associated with the miliary granulations a considerable amount of hyperæmia of the organ; but where the deposit is more chronic, the surrounding tissue is quite pale. The large masses are remarkably bloodless. When the tubercular deposits extend to the renal tissue from the mucous membrane of the calices and the pelvis, these cavities become remarkably enlarged, and the whole organ is increased in size, and appears rather pale. The epithelial lining of the tubes is more or less opaque and granular, or of an oily aspect. By the softening and breaking down of the tuberculous deposits, large cavities are formed, containing a mixture of tuberculous detritus and pus. Fibrinous casts are sometimes found in great numbers in the tubes.