First, the organs become slightly enlarged and infiltrated with a semi-translucent material, of a grayish color, soft, homogeneous, or slightly fibrillated, or containing a few imperfect cells. The substance resembles what is often seen in scrofulous disease of the lymphatic glands. At a later period, this substance gradually changes into a soft, putty-like substance, or into chalky concretions scattered through the body. The whole substance of the organ may thus be destroyed. It may, at the same time, be found more closely adherent to the surrounding organs. Dr. Addison has associated with these changes in the suprarenal capsules, a peculiar bronzed condition of the shin sometimes seen, and named from him “Addison’s Disease.” =Hæmorrhage= occasionally occurs within the substance of the capsule, forming a kind of cyst filled with blood. It is more frequent with young children, but is sometimes seen in adults. Morbid Growths. _Cancer._ Primary cancer of these bodies is rare; the secondary form may appear in connection with the same disease in the kidneys, stomach or liver. _Tubercles_ of the miliary form are rarely seen. _Cysts_, both single and multiple, and with varying contents, may be found, generally connected with the enclosing membrane. Section II. THE URINARY BLADDER. [=Notice=: 1. _External Characters_—malformations; adhesions; size; Wounds, etc. 2. _Walls_—their thickness; condition of several coats; morbid growths, cancer, tumors, tubercles, perforations; sinuses; rupture; wounds. 3. _Contents_—urine, its quantity and characters; blood, its amount and source; pus; calculi, number, size, position, etc.] =Malformations.= Among the most common of these, may be mentioned _extroversion_, where there is an absence of the anterior walls of the bladder, with a deficiency in the corresponding portion of the abdominal parietes. From the pressure of the abdominal viscera, the posterior walls of the bladder will be crowded forward, and protrude as a rounded tumor, covered by a vascular mucous membrane, while near the lower portion may be seen the orifices of the ureters, through which the urine will be more or less constantly flowing. Malformations of the external organs of generation, are liable to accompany those of the bladder. _The Urachus_ sometimes fails to close before birth, leaving thus an open passage from the fundus of the bladder to the umbilicus, through which the urine may be noticed flowing after division of the cord.