In cases of long-standing inflammation, flat oval bodies, resembling melon-seeds, of a light-brown color, are not unfrequently met with. Their origin is no doubt to be traced to the coagulated lymph effused in the beginning of the disease. In the synovial sheaths surrounding the flexor tendons of the fingers, as they pass under the annular ligament, small bodies, resembling grains of boiled rice, are also occasionally found. The so-called _ganglions_ are small collections of fluid in bursal cavities of new formation, and occur principally on the back of the wrist and forearm. In the sheaths of the tendons of the hand, these synovial accumulations may become so excessive, as to greatly damage the usefulness of the member. =Morbid Conditions of Cartilage.= The thickness of cartilage may be greatly increased, while the tissue becomes soft and yielding. In advanced age, the articular cartilages become considerably thinned; ossification of the cartilage occurs, sometimes gradually with advancing years, at others in connection with chronic rheumatic arthritis. In joints apparently not diseased, we sometimes find the cartilages more or less deficient at one or more points, due to pressure and consequent partial atrophy. Sometimes its place is taken by a hard, semi-transparent substance of a gray color, with an irregular granulated surface, the result of a fibrinous exudation. The free surface of cartilages is occasionally found covered with a thin layer of lithate of soda, as the result of gout. _Loose cartilages_ may be found in the knee and other large joints; they never contain any of the characteristic cells of cartilage, and appear to consist solely of compressed fibrillating exudation. They vary in size and number, are more or less oval and flattened, with a smooth surface, and are sometimes attached to the synovial membrane by a pedicle of varying length. In the latter case, they are invested by a serous covering. Calcareous deposits are occasionally met with in them. =Ulceration of Cartilage= may occur as an acute or sub-acute affection. The cartilage corpuscles, instead of being of their usual form, will be found larger, rounded or oviform; and instead of two or three nucleated cells in their interior, they contain a mass of them. The cavities of the enlarged corpuscles open on the ulcerated surface, by orifices of various sizes. The texture of the ulcerating cartilage, shows no trace of vascularity. In most cases, a vascular false membrane is found in opposition to the diseased part. The membrane generally adheres with some firmness to the ulcerating surface, in other instances it is loosely applied to it; but in all cases the two surfaces are accurately moulded to each other. If a portion of the false membrane be torn slowly off, the cartilage will be found to be rough and honeycombed, and into each depression on its surface, a nipple-like projection of the vascular membrane will be seen to have penetrated.