Combinations of sulphur with the alkalies and alkaline earths are much used as depilatories. Of these, _sodium sulphydrate_, however, should never be used, without the advice of a physician, as it acts very energetically upon the skin, and frequently leaves scars behind. _Calcium sulphide_ is contained in Boettger's depilatory. It is usually prepared by heating at a low red heat in a securely-closed crucible an intimate mixture of 100 parts of finely-powdered quicklime with 90 parts of precipitated sulphur. Of the calcium sulphide thus obtained, mix 1 lb. with 8 ozs. of starch and 7 drachms of lemon oil. Apply the paste to the place upon which the hairs are to be destroyed, allowing it to remain 20 to 30 seconds. The action of _barium sulphide_, which is frequently used as a depilatory, is much less energetic than that of calcium sulphide. It is, for instance, a constituent of Bartholow's depilatory, which consists of barium sulphide 1 part, caustic lime 1 part, and starch 2 parts, made into a paste with alcohol. CHAPTER XIII. COSMETICS. Under this heading will be considered toilet vinegars, washes, perfumed powders, pastes, skin pomades, as well as paints. The fabrication of cosmetics is an important branch of perfumery. The materials used for the purpose should be selected and of good quality even for cheap articles, which are, of course, also represented in the following receipts. SKIN COSMETICS.--_Toilet vinegars._--Perfumed vinegars, when added to wash water, have a refreshing effect and are also used as fumigating agents by mixing them with water in a dish and placing the latter in the room. _Vinaigre de Bully._--Alcohol of best quality 10 quarts, tinctures of orris root, tolu balsam, benzoin and storax, each 1 lb., olibanum tincture ½ lb., vanilla tincture and best lavender oil 5¼ ozs., bergamot oil and lemon oil each 4¼ ozs., acetic acid 2 lbs. _Vinaigre de toilette à la rose._--Alcohol of best quality 5 quarts, benzoin tincture 1 lb., angelica tincture 8 ozs., _extrait rose_ No. 1, 1 lb., French rose geranium oil 3½ ozs., acetic acid 14 ozs. _Vinaigre de toilette à la violette._--Alcohol of best quality 5 quarts, orris-root tincture 2 quarts, tinctures of benzoin and storax each 7 ozs., bergamot oil 2½ ozs., liquid orris-root oil[24] 11 drachms, acetic acid 1 lb. [24] See foot-note, p. 257. _Vinaigre de toilette héliotrope._--Alcohol of best quality 5 quarts, tinctures of orris root and vanilla each 1 quart, musk root tincture 3½ ozs., benzoin tincture 1 lb., bergamot oil 1¾ ozs., verbena oil and palmarosa oil each 14 drachms, clove oil 8¼ drachms, acetic acid 1 lb. _Vinaigre de toilette orange._--Alcohol of best quality 5 quarts, benzoin tincture 10½ ozs., abelmosk tincture and vitivert tincture each 8 ozs., civet tincture 14 drachms, Portugal oil 8 ozs., acetic acid 14 ozs.