A Preliminary Dissertation on the Mechanisms of the HeavensSomerville, Mary
Science
A Preliminary Dissertation on the Mechanisms of the Heavens
Somerville, Mary
Celestial mechanics
So numerous are the objects which meet our view in the heavens, that we
cannot imagine a part of space where some light would not strike the
eye: but as the fixed stars would not be visible at such distances, if
they did not shine by their own light, it is reasonable to infer that
they are suns; and if so, they are in all probability attended by
systems of opaque bodies, revolving about them as the planets do about
ours. But although there be no proof that planets not seen by us revolve
about these remote suns, certain it is, that there are many invisible
bodies wandering in space, which, occasionally coming within the sphere
of the earth's attraction, are ignited by the velocity with which they
pass through the atmosphere, and are precipitated with great violence on
the earth. The obliquity of the descent of meteorites, the peculiar
matter of which they are composed, and the explosion with which their
fall is invariably accompanied, show that they are foreign to our
planet. Luminous spots altogether independent of the phases have
occasionally appeared on the dark part of the moon, which have been
ascribed to the light arising from the eruption of volcanoes; whence it
has been supposed that meteorites have been projected from the moon by
the impetus of volcanic eruption; it has even been computed, that if a
stone were projected from the moon in a vertical line, and with an
initial velocity of 10992 feet in a second, which is more than four
times the velocity of a ball when first discharged from a cannon,
instead of falling back to the moon by the attraction of gravity, it
would come within the sphere of the earth's attraction, and revolve
about it like a satellite. These bodies, impelled either by the
direction of the primitive impulse, or by the disturbing action of the
sun, might ultimately penetrate the earth's atmosphere, and arrive at
its surface. But from whatever source meteoric stones may come, it seems
highly probable, that they have a common origin, from the uniformity, we
may almost say identity, of their chemical composition.
The known quantity of matter bears a very small proportion to the
immensity of space. Large as the bodies are, the distances that separate
them are immeasurably greater; but as design is manifest in every part
of creation, it is probable that if the various systems in the universe
had been nearer to one another, their mutual disturbances would have
been inconsistent with the harmony and stability of the whole. It is
clear that space is not pervaded by atmospheric air, since its
resistance would long ere this have destroyed the velocity of the
planets; neither can we affirm it to be void, when it is traversed in
all directions by light, heat, gravitation, and possibly by influences
of which we can form no idea; but whether it be replete with an ethereal
medium, time alone will show.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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