A Quantitative Study of the Nocturnal Migration of BirdsLowery, George H., Jr.
Science
A Quantitative Study of the Nocturnal Migration of Birds
Lowery, George H., Jr.
Birds -- Migration
directional patterns at Rosedale, I can offer no alternative
explanation consistent with data from other stations.
Moving northward in the valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries,
we find a number of stations that yielded significantly high densities
on most nights when weather conditions were favorable for migration.
Louisville and Murray, Kentucky, and Knoxville, Tennessee, each show
several nights with many birds flying, but only Lawrence, Kansas, and
Ottumwa, Iowa, had migrations that approach in magnitude the record
station densities at Tampico. Indeed, these were the only two stations
in the United States that produced flights exceeding the densities at
Progreso, Yucatán. The densities at Lawrence are unique in one
respect, in that they were extremely high in the month of March. Since
there were very few stations in operation then, these high densities
would be of little significance were it not for the fact that at no
time in the course of this study from 1945 to the present have
comparable densities been obtained this early in the migration period.
Examination of the "Remarks" section of the original data sheets from
Lawrence show frequent mention of "duck-like" birds passing before the
moon. We may infer from these notations that a considerable part of
the overhead flight was composed of ducks and other aquatic birds that
normally leave the southern United States before the main body of
transient species reach there. The heavy flight densities at Lawrence
may likewise have contained certain Fringillidae, Motacillidae,
Sylviidae, and other passerine birds that winter mainly in the
southern United States and which are known to begin their return
northward in March or even earlier. Observations in 1948 at Lawrence
in April were hindered by clouds, and in May no studies were
attempted. However, we do have at hand two excellent sets of data
recorded at Lawrence on the nights of May 3-4 and May 5-6, 1947, when
the density was also extremely high.
At Ottumwa, Iowa, where a splendid cooperative effort on the part of
the local ornithologists resulted in forty-four hours of observation
in April and May, densities were near the maximum for all stations.
Considering this fact along with results at Lawrence and other
mid-western stations where cloud cover did not interfere at the
critical periods of observation, we have here evidence supporting the
generally held thesis that eastern Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa lie on a
principal migratory flyway. Stations in Minnesota, Illinois,
Michigan, Massachusetts, and Ontario were either operated for only
parts of one or two nights, or else clouds seriously interfered with
observations, resulting in discontinuous counts. It may be hoped that
future studies will include an adequate representation of stations in
these states and that observations will be extensive enough to permit
conclusions regarding the density and direction of migration.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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