A Report upon the Mollusk Fisheries of MassachusettsMassachusetts. Commissioners on Fisheries and Game
Science
A Report upon the Mollusk Fisheries of Massachusetts
Massachusetts. Commissioners on Fisheries and Game
Shellfish fisheries -- Massachusetts
Experimental beds were planted on certain flats in the Essex River
which come within the first group of barren flats. These once
productive flats had been cleaned out in the past, and for some reason
had not seeded naturally. Forty beds were laid out under all kinds of
conditions, with the object of finding a way to make these once more
productive. Results have been all that could be hoped for. Only 4 poor
beds were found, out of the 40 laid out; 36 beds were in thriving
condition. It should be noted that no attempt was made to choose the
best places, but all conditions were tried. Over two-thirds of the
clams were re-dug, the increase averaging, in terms of 1-inch clams,
over 1,000 per cent., or 10 quarts for every quart planted the year
before.
If many acres of Massachusetts flat, idle at present, are capable of
such a yield, should such economic waste be allowed? Why should not
the towns, by the expenditure of a little money, restock flats such as
these for the benefit of their inhabitants? I do not say that all flats
can be made productive in this way, as I know of many cases where the
mere sowing of seed clams will not restock a flat; but I do say that
Massachusetts possesses enough flats of the former nature, which should
be made a profit to her clammers. Clam set occurs, as Mr. Stevenson
shows in his report, in large quantities; the transportation of seed
clams is easy; planting requires little labor, the practical way being
to sow the clams, which burrow readily; while the yield in proportion
to the labor is enormous.
_What sized clams are best for planting?_
The size best adapted must be determined for each flat. Shore flats
with little current will allow the planting of any size, from ¼ inch
up; flats with a swift current necessitate a larger clam (1 to 1½
inches), as the smaller will be washed out of its burrow; soft mud also
demands a larger clam, as the smaller will be stifled by the oozy silt.
_What are the physical conditions that influence the growth of clams?_
There appear at least three essential conditions for rapid growth of
clams: (1) a good current; (2) low and level flat; and (3) a tenacious
soil, relatively free from decaying matter.
A low flat gives the clams longer feeding periods, as the water remains
over them longer, therefore there is a greater growth. This has been
experimentally shown by Dr. A. D. Mead.
According to Prof. J. L. Kellogg, clams cannot do well in a soil
which contains much decaying organic matter, as the acids eat away
the shells. Soils of this description also facilitate the spread of
infection from one clam to another.
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