A Report upon the Mollusk Fisheries of MassachusettsMassachusetts. Commissioners on Fisheries and Game
Science
A Report upon the Mollusk Fisheries of Massachusetts
Massachusetts. Commissioners on Fisheries and Game
Shellfish fisheries -- Massachusetts
Several styles of dredges are used in scalloping, as each locality has
its own special kind, which is best adapted to the scalloping bottom of
that region. Four different styles are used in Massachusetts, two of
which permit a subdivision, making in all six different forms. Each of
these dredges is said by the scallopers using them to be the best; but
for all-round work the "scraper" seems the most popular.
(1) _The Chatham or Box Dredge._--As this dredge was first used in
Chatham, the name of the town was given to it, to distinguish it from
the other styles. At the present time its use is confined to Chatham
and the neighboring towns of the Cape. With the exception of a very few
used at Nantucket, it is not found elsewhere in Massachusetts.
The style of the box dredge is peculiar, consisting of a rectangular
framework, 27 by 12 inches, of flat iron 1 by ¼ inches, with an
oval-shaped iron bar extending back as a support for the netting
bag, which is attached to the rectangular frame. To the side of the
rectangular frame is attached a heavy iron chain about 4 feet long, to
which is fastened the drag rope.
(2) _The Scraper._--As can be seen by the illustration, this style of
dredge consists of a rigid iron frame of triangular shape, which has a
curve of nearly 90° at the base, to form the bowl of the dredge. Above,
a raised cross bar connects the two arms, while at the bottom of the
dredge a strip of iron 2 inches wide extends from arm to arm. This
strip acts as a scraping blade, and is set at an angle so as to dig
into the bottom. The top of the net is fastened to the raised cross bar
and the lower part to the blade.
The usual dimensions of the dredge are: arms, 2½ feet; upper cross bar,
2 feet; blade, 2½ feet. The net varies in size, usually holding about a
bushel of scallops, and running from 2 to 3 feet in length. Additional
weights can be put on the cross bar when the scalloper desires the
dredge to scrape deeper. A wooden bar, 2 feet long, buoys the net.
Two styles of this dredge are in use. At Nantucket the whole net is
made of twine, while at Edgartown and in Buzzards Bay the lower part of
the net is formed of a netting of iron rings, the upper half of the net
being twine. The iron rings are supposed to stand the wear better than
the twine netting. This difference seems to be merely a matter of local
choice. The "scraper" is perhaps the dredge most generally used, as, no
matter what style is in use, a scalloper generally has a few "scrapers"
among his dredges.
(3) _The "Slider."_--The principle of the "slider" is the reverse of
the "scraper," as the blade is set either level or with an upward
incline, so the dredge can slide over the bottom. This dredge is used
on rough bottom and in places where there is little eel-grass. In some
dredges the blade is rigid, but in the majority the blade hangs loose.
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