[Footnote 1: So called because he was at Berlin when he issued it.] %253. Orders in Council, 1807.%--Great Britain felt that every time Napoleon struck at her she must strike back at him, and in January, 1807, a new Order in Council forbade neutrals to trade from one European port to another, if both were in the possession of France or her allies. Finding it had no effect, she followed it up with another Order in Council in November, 1807, which declared that every port on the face of the earth from which for any reason British ships were excluded was shut to neutrals, unless they first stopped at some British port and obtained a license to trade. %254. The Milan Decree, 1807.%--It was now Napoleon's turn to strike, which he did in December, 1807, by issuing the Milan Decree.[1] Thenceforth any ship that submitted to be searched by British cruisers or took out a British license, or entered any port from which French ships were excluded, was to be captured wherever found. [Footnote 1: So called because he was in Milan at the time, and dated it from that city.] As a result of this series of French Decrees and British Orders in Council,[2] the English took 194 of our ships, and the French almost as many. [Footnote 2: On the Orders in Council and French Decrees, read Adams's _History of the United States_, Vol. III., Chap. 16; Vol. IV., Chaps. 4, 5, and 6; McMaster's _History_, Vol. III., pp. 219-223; 249-250; 272-274.] %255. Jefferson's Policy; Non-importation Act.%--The policy by which Jefferson proposed to meet this emergency consisted of three parts: 1. Lay up the frigates and defend our coast and harbors by a number of small, swift-sailing craft, each carrying one gun in the stern. In time of peace they were to be hauled up under sheds. In time of war they were to be shoved into the water and manned by volunteers. Between 1806 and 1812, 176 of these gunboats were built. 2. Make a new treaty with Great Britain, because that made by Jay in 1794 was to expire in 1806. Under the instructions of Jefferson, therefore, Monroe and Pinckney signed a new treaty in December, 1806. But it said nothing about the impressment of our sailors, or about the right of our ships to go where they pleased, and was so bad in general that Jefferson would not even send it to the Senate.[3] [Footnote 3: No treaty can become a law unless approved by the President and two thirds of the Senate.] 3. The third part of his policy consisted in doing what we should call "boycotting." He wanted a law which would forbid the importation into the United States of any article made, grown, or produced in Great Britain or any of her colonies. Congress accordingly, in April, 1806, passed what was called a "Non-importation Act," which prohibited not the importation of every sort of British goods, wares, and merchandise, but only a few which the people could make in this country; as paper, cards, leather goods, etc. This was to go into force at the President's pleasure.