[Footnote 1: The Compromise was violated in 1836, when the present northwest corner of Missouri was taken from the free territory and added to that state. See maps, pp. 299 and 348] [Illustration: AREAS OF FREEDOM AND SLAVERY IN 1820] The admission of Maine and Missouri raised the number of states to twenty-four.[1] No more were admitted for sixteen years. When Missouri applied for admission as a state, Arkansas was (1819) organized as a territory. [Footnote 1: For the compromise read Woodburn's _Historical Significance of the Missouri Compromise_ (in _Report American Historical Association_, 1893, pp. 251-297); McMaster's _History of the People of the United States_, Vol. IV., Chap. 39.] %311. The Second Election of Monroe.%--This bitter contest over the exclusion of slavery from the country west of the Mississippi shows how completely party lines had disappeared in 1820. In the course of that year, electors of a President were to be chosen in the twenty-four states. That slavery would play an important part in the campaign, and that some candidate would be put in the field by the people opposed to the compromise, might have been expected. But there was no campaign, no contest, no formal nomination. The members of Congress held a caucus, but decided to nominate nobody. Every elector, it was well known, would be a Republican, and as such would vote for the reëlection of Monroe and Tompkins. And this almost did take place. Every one of the 229 electors who voted was a Republican, and all save one in New Hampshire cast votes for Monroe. But this one man gave his vote to John Quincy Adams. He said he did not want Washington to be robbed of the glory of being the only President who had ever received the unanimous vote of the electors. March 4, 1821, came on Sunday. Monroe was therefore inaugurated on Monday, March 5. SUMMARY 1. The dull times on the seaboard, the cheap land in the West, the love of adventure, and the desire to "do better" led, during 1814-1820, to a most astonishing emigration westward. 2. The rush of population into the Mississippi valley caused the admission of six states into the Union between 1816 and 1821. 3. The question of the admission of Missouri brought up the subject of shutting slavery out of the country west of the Mississippi, which ended in a compromise and the establishment of the line 36° 30'. MOVEMENT OF POPULATION. _Northern Stream._ Effect of hard times in the East.-- Scenes along the highways.--Arrival of the emigrants in the West.--The half-faced camp.--The log cabin.-- Household utensils.--Clearing the land.--Growth of towns. _Middle Stream._ Moves down the Ohio valley, across southern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and pushes up the Missouri. _Southern Stream._ The defeat of the Creek Indians opens their lands in Mississippi Territory to settlement. * * * * *