8. Grant, meantime, with the Army of the Potomac, had fought a series of battles with Lee, and had besieged Richmond and Petersburg; and Sheridan had cleared out the Shenandoah valley. 9. Lee was thus forced, early in 1865, to leave Richmond, and while retreating westward he was forced to surrender. SECESSION AND THE WAR FOR THE UNION | --------------------------------------------------------------------- _The South_ _The North_ The cotton states secede. Attempts to compromise. The Confederacy formed. Buchanan's attitude. A constitution adopted. The Crittenden Compromise. Unites States property seized. A Thirteenth Amendment proposed. ----------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ Buchanan attempts to provision Fort Sumter _Star of the West_ fired on. ------------------------------------------ | ------------------- Lincoln inaugurated. ------------------- | ------------------------------------------ Lincoln attempts to provision Fort Sumter The fort bombarded. The surrender. ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Arkansas, North Carolina, The call to arms. Virginia, and Tennessee secede. The march to Washington Richmond made the capital Fight in the streets of of the Confederacy. Baltimore. ------------------------------------------------------------------ | | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------ _The war opens_ ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- _Fighting in the West._ _Fighting along the Potomac and in Virginia_ _1861-1862._ Breaking the _1861._ The attempt to take Richmond. Confederate line. Battle of Bull Run. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Line broken at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson and driven out of Kentucky and West Tennessee. 2. Driven out of Missouri and North Arkansas. 3. New Orleans taken. 4. Mississippi River nearly open. _1863_. 1. Vicksburg and Port Hudson taken, and Mississippi River open to the Gulf. 2. The Confederacy cut in two. 3. Arkansas and East Tennessee recovered.