A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the EncheiridionEpictetus
Philosophy
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion
Epictetus
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
You then, a man may say, are you free? I wish, by the gods, and pray to
be free; but I am not yet able to face my masters, I still value my
poor body, I value greatly the preservation of it entire, though I do
not possess it entire. But I can point out to you a free man, that you
may no longer seek an example. Diogenes was free. How was he free? Not
because he was born of free parents, but because he was himself free,
because he had cast off all the handles of slavery, and it was not
possible for any man to approach him, nor had any man the means of
laying hold of him to enslave him. He had everything easily loosed,
everything only hanging to him. If you laid hold of his property, he
would have rather let it go and be yours, than he would have followed
you for it; if you had laid hold of his leg, he would have let go his
leg; if of all his body, all his poor body; his intimates, friends,
country, just the same. For he knew from whence he had them, and from
whom, and on what conditions. His true parents indeed, the gods, and
his real country he would never have deserted, nor would he have
yielded to any man in obedience to them and to their orders, nor would
any man have died for his country more readily. For he was not used to
inquire when he should be considered to have done anything on behalf of
the whole of things (the universe, or all the world), but he remembered
that everything which is done comes from thence and is done on behalf
of that country and is commanded by him who administers it. Therefore
see what Diogenes himself says and writes: “For this reason,” he says,
“Diogenes, it is in your power to speak both with the King of the
Persians and with Archidamus the King of the Lacedaemonians, as you
please.” Was it because he was born of free parents? I suppose all the
Athenians and all the Lacedaemonians, because they were born of slaves,
could not talk with them (these kings) as they wished, but feared and
paid court to them. Why then does he say that it is in his power?
Because I do not consider the poor body to be my own, because I want
nothing, because law is everything to me, and nothing else is. These
were the things which permitted him to be free.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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