CLOUGH, ARTHUR HUGH (1819-1861).--Poet, _s._ of a cotton merchant in Liverpool, he spent his childhood in America, but was sent back to England for his education, which he received at Rugby and Oxf. While at the Univ., where he was tutor and Fellow of Oriel, he fell under the influence of Newman, but afterwards became a sceptic and resigned his Fellowship in 1848. In the same year he _pub._ his poem, _The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich_, written in hexameters. After travelling on the Continent for a year, he was in 1849 appointed Warden of Univ. Hall, London. In 1849 appeared _Amours de Voyage_, a rhymed novelette, and the more serious work, _Dipsychus_. In 1854 he was appointed an examiner in the Education Office, and married. His last appointment was as Sec. of a Commission on Military Schools, in connection with which he visited various countries, but was seized with illness, and _d._ at Florence. C. was a man of singularly sincere character, with a passion for truth. His poems, though full of fine and subtle thought, are, with the exception of some short lyrics, deficient in form, and the hexameters which he employed in _The Bothie_ are often rough, though perhaps used as effectively as by any English verse-writer. M. Arnold's _Thyrsis_ was written in memory of C. COBBE, FRANCES POWER (1822-1904).--Theological and social writer, was _b._ near Dublin. Coming under the influence of Theodore Parker, she became a Unitarian. Her first work, _pub._ anonymously, was on _The Intuitive Theory of Morals_ (1855). She travelled in the East, and _pub._ _Cities of the Past_ (1864). Later she became interested in social questions and philanthropic work, and wrote many books on these and kindred subjects, including _Criminals_, _Idiots_, _Women_ and _Minors_ (1869), _Darwinism in Morals_ (1872), and _Scientific Spirit of the Age_ (1888). She was a strong opponent of vivisection.