sight uninteresting, or even uninviting. He is absolutely free from affectation or sentimentality, and may be regarded as one of the greatest masters of the realistic in our literature. With these merits he has certain faults, too great minuteness in his pictures, too frequent dwelling upon the sordid and depraved aspects of character, and some degree of harshness both in matter and manner, and not unfrequently a want of taste. _Life_ prefixed to ed. of works by his son (1834), Ainger (Men of Letters, 1903). Works (Ward, 3 vols., 1906-7). CRAIGIE, MRS. PEARL MARY TERESA (RICHARDS) (1867-1906).--_Dau._ of John Morgan, R. _b._ in Boston, Massachusetts. Most of her education was received in London and Paris, and from childhood she was a great reader and observer. At 19 she _m._ Mr. R.W. Craigie, but the union did not prove happy and was, on her petition, dissolved. In 1902 she became a Roman Catholic. She wrote, under the pseudonym of "John Oliver Hobbes," a number of novels and dramas, distinguished by originality of subject and treatment, brightness of humour, and finish of style, among which may be mentioned _Some Emotions and a Moral_, _The Gods, Some Mortals and Lord Wickenham_ (1895), _The Herb Moon_ and _The School for Saints_ (1897), and _Robert Orange_ (1900), _The Dream and The Business_ (1907). Her dramas include _The Ambassador_ and _The Bishop's Move_. CRAIK, GEORGE LILLIE (1798-1866).--Writer on English literature, etc., _b._ at Kennoway, Fife, and _ed._ at St. Andrews, went to London in 1824, where he wrote largely for the "Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge." In 1849 he was appointed Prof. of English Literature and History at Belfast. Among his books are _The Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties_ (1831), _History of British Commerce_ (1844), and _History of English Literature and the English Language_ (1861). He was also joint author of _The Pictorial History of England_, and wrote books on Spenser and Bacon. CRANMER, THOMAS (1489-1556).--Theologian and Churchman, _b._ at Aslacton, Notts, _ed._ at Camb., and became an eminent classical and biblical scholar. He supported Henry VIII. in his divorce proceedings against Queen Catherine, gained the King's favour, and obtained rapid preferment, ending with the Primacy. He was one of the chief promoters of the Reformation in England. On the accession of Mary, he was committed to the Tower, and after a temporary failure of courage and constancy, suffered martyrdom at the stake. It is largely to C. that we owe the stately forms of the Book of Common Prayer. He also wrote over 40 works, and composed several hymns; but the influence of the Prayer-book in fixing the language is his great, though indirect, service to our literature. Fox's _Book of Martyrs_, Strype's _Memorials of Cranmer_, Hook's _Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury_, etc.