CREIGHTON, MANDELL (1843-1901).--Churchman and historian, _b._ at Carlisle, and _ed._ at Durham Grammar School and Merton Coll., Oxf., he took orders, and was presented to the living of Embleton, Northumberland, in 1875, where, in addition to zealous discharge of pastoral duties, he pursued the historical studies on the results of which his reputation chiefly rests. In 1882 the first two vols. of his _History of the Papacy_ appeared, followed by two more in 1887, and a fifth in 1894. In 1884 he was appointed first Dixie Prof. of Ecclesiastical History at Camb. He ed. the _English Historical Review_ (1886-91). In 1891, after having held canonries at Worcester and Windsor, he became Bishop of Peterborough, from which he was in 1897 translated to London. His duties as Bishop of London made the completion of his great historical work an impossibility. He wrote in addition to it various text-books on history, a life of Queen Elizabeth, a memoir of Sir George Grey, and many articles and reviews. He was recognised as a leading authority on the department of history to which he had specially devoted himself, and he made his mark as a Churchman. CROKER, JOHN WILSON (1780-1857).--Politician and miscellaneous writer. _Ed._ at Trinity Coll., Dublin, he entered Parliament as a Tory, and was appointed to various offices, including the Secretaryship of the Admiralty, which he held for 20 years. He was one of the founders of the _Quarterly Review_, and wrote some of its most violent political articles and reviews. He _pub._ in 1831 an ed. of _Boswell's Life of Johnson_. He also wrote some historical essays and satirical pieces. CROKER, THOMAS CROFTON (1798-1854).--Irish Antiquary, _b._ at Cork, for some years held a position in the Admiralty. He devoted himself largely to the collection of ancient Irish poetry and folk-lore. Among his publications are _Researches in the South of Ireland_ (1824), _Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland_ (1825-27), _Popular Songs of Ireland_ (1837), _Daniel O'Rourke_ (1829), and _Barney Mahoney_ (1832). He assisted in founding the "Camden" and "Percy" Societies. CROLY, GEORGE (1780-1860).--Poet, novelist, historian, and divine, _b._ at Dublin, and _ed._ at Trinity Coll. there, he took orders and became Rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, and had a high reputation as a preacher. He wrote poems, dramas, satires, novels, history, and theological works, and attained some measure of success in all. Perhaps his best known works are his novels, _Salathiel_ (1829), founded on the legend of "the wandering Jew," and _Mareton_ (1846). His chief contribution to theological literature is an exposition of the Apocalypse.